Table 1.
Time 1 background information on 833 drinking adolescents/young adults from COGA in percentages and means (with standard deviations in parentheses)
| Demography | Externalizing related | ||
| Female | 49.5% | Mean no. 15 conduct items | 2.6 (2.04) |
| Ethnicity | ≥1 conduct items | 85.5% | |
| European American | 67.6% | ≥3 conduct items | 44.3% |
| African American | 18.5% | Personality scores | |
| Hispanic | 10.8% | Barrett impulsivity | 65.4 (10.56) |
| Other | 3.1% | z sensation seeking | 0.01 (0.96) |
| Age, in years | 18.3 (2.03) | NEO extraversion | 53.7 (9.03) |
| Years of education | 11.8(1.69) | NEO conscientiousness | 42.9 (10.14) |
| 6-month alcohol related history | NEO agreeableness | 43.2 (10.14) | |
| Age at onset drinking | 15.0(2.31) | NEO openness | 49.6 (9.32) |
| Frequency/week | 1.2(1.22) | ASPD diagnosis | 6.4% |
| Quantity/time | 3.4 (3.73) | CD diagnosis (not ASPD) | 4.1% |
| Maximum quantity | 8.0 (6.38) | Internalizing related | |
| First 5 SRE (LR) | 3.7(1.85) | Ever depressed ≥2 weeks | 33.3% |
| Flush score (of 6 items) | 1.0(1.13) | Yes for ≥1 possible anxiety screens | 23.8% |
| Lifetime abuse | 22.9% | NEO neuroticism | 52.1 (9.35) |
| Lifetime dependence | 7.6% | Lifetime MDE | 13.3% |
| Parental AUD | 66.6% | Lifetime anxiety diagnosis | 1.8% |
| Lifetime substance history | Environment/attitudes measures | ||
| (>10 times) | Perceived peer maximum drinks | 1.8 (0.87) | |
| ≥1 drug used | 43.1% | z alcohol expectancy | 0.0 (0.97) |
| Cannabinols | 37.2% | z hassles | 0.0 (0.80) |
| Cocaine | 14.2% | Drink to cope | 9.9 (3.00) |
| Amphetamines | 9.4% | Raw scores adult/adolescents | |
| Opiods | 14.4% | Sensation seeking adult | 19.5 (6.51) |
| Hallucinogens | 15.1% | Sensation seeking adolescent | 17.2(4.15) |
| Sedative—hypnotics | 11.9% | Alcohol expectancy adult | 136.9 (38.99) |
| Other drug | 14.4% | Alcohol expectancy adolescent | 29.5 (9.89) |
| Used 1 drug | 19.4% | Hassles adult | 35.4(21.48) |
| Used 2 drugs | 5.5% | Hassles adolescent | 37.2 (15.74) |
| Used ≥3 drugs | 18.1% | ||
| Tobacco > 100 times | 34.0% | ||
| Substance use disorder | 26.8% |
Notes: COGA = Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism; SRE = self-report measure of the number of drinks need for effects the first five times drinking; LR = level of response; AUD = alcohol use disorder; no. = number; sensation seeking = Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale for Adults and the Russo Sensation Seeking Scale for Children; z sensation seeking = scales z scored within adults and adolescents; NEO = NEO Five-Factor Inventory personality inventory with scores presented as T values where 50 indicates an average score regarding the literature; ASPD = antisocial personality disorder; CD = conduct disorder; MDE = major depression episode; peer maximum drinks = from Important Persons and Activity Scale; alcohol expectancy = Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (adult and adolescent); z alcohol expectancy = scales z scored within adults and adolescents; hassles = Daily Hassles & Uplifts Scale (adult) and the Children’s Hassles Scale; z hassles = scales z scored within adults and adolescents.