Table 3.
Time 1 background characteristics as mean or percentage across four latent trajectory classes for maximum drinks
| Variable | Class 1 Consistent low (n = 571; 68.5%) M(SD) or % | Class 2 Low to high (n= 123; 14.8%) M(SD) or % | Class 3 High to low (n = 86; 10.3%) M(SD) or % | Class 4Consistent high (n = 53; 6.4%) M(SD) or % | F or χ2 |
| Demography | |||||
| Sex, female | 60.1% | 27.6% | 33.7% | 11.5% | 88.50*** |
| European American | 63.0% | 70.0% | 82.6% | 86.8% | 23.40*** |
| Age | 18.4(2.05) | 17.6(1.97) | 19.05(1.63) | 18.4(2.08) | 9.54*** |
| Education highest grade | 11.8(1.73) | 11.1 (1.47) | 12.3(1.39) | 11.7(1.69) | 9.58*** |
| Alcohol | |||||
| Age onset first drink | 15.4(2.28) | 14.3(1.96) | 14.5 (2.35) | 13.5 (2.09) | 18.89*** |
| First 5 SRE (LR) | 3.2(1.60) | 4.6(1.79) | 4.5 (1.80) | 5.9(1.72) | 68.46*** |
| Flush score no. | 1.1(1.15) | 1.0(1.14) | 1.1(1.13) | 0.5 (0.76) | 4.40*** |
| AUD | 19.6% | 35.8% | 62.8% | 83.0% | 144.82*** |
| Family history of AUD | 62.6% | 75.6% | 68.6% | 75.5% | 8.88* |
| Drugs | |||||
| Used any drug > 10 times | 35.0% | 52.0% | 61.6% | 79.2% | 59.45*** |
| ≥1 SUD | 19.3% | 35.0% | 38.4% | 69.8% | 76.60*** |
| Used tobacco > 100 times | 26.1% | 47.2% | 48.8% | 64.2% | 55.32*** |
| Externalizing | |||||
| No. of conduct disorder symptoms | 2.2(1.94) | 3.2(2.14) | 3.0(1.76) | 4.3 (2.00) | 25.17*** |
| Barrett impulsivity | 63.5 (10.28) | 68.4(10.20) | 69.2 (9.41) | 71.6(10.70) | 20.26*** |
| z sensation seeking | -0.2 (0.94) | 0.2 (0.92) | 0.5 (0.86) | 0.7 (0.70) | 29.49*** |
| NEO extraversion | 53.4 (9.09) | 52.1 (8.94) | 56.3 (7.76) | 55.9 (9.47) | 4.94** |
| NEO conscientiousness | 44.1 (10.29) | 40.5 (8.58) | 40.5(9.13) | 40.0(10.32) | 8.34*** |
| NEO agreeableness | 44.5 (10.40) | 39.8 (9.22) | 41.2(9.22) | 41.0(8.00) | 9.88*** |
| NEO openness | 50.0 (9.57) | 48.0 (9.25) | 50.9 (8.34) | 47.0 (7.22) | 3.64* |
| ASPD diagnosis | 4.6% | 7.3% | 10.5% | 17.0% | 15.78*** |
| Conduct disorder diagnosis | 2.8% | 8.1% | 7.0% | 3.8% | 9.39* |
| Internalizing | |||||
| Depression screen, % yes | 32.2% | 35.8% | 36.0% | 34.0% | 0.94 |
| Anxiety screen, % yes | 23.8% | 26.0% | 20.9% | 22.6% | 0.76 |
| NEO neuroticism | 51.0(9.16) | 56.2(9.15) | 54.2 (9.05) | 50.9 (9.29) | 12.82*** |
| MDE diagnosis | 13.7% | 13.0% | 15.1% | 7.5% | 1.84 |
| Anxiety diagnosis | 1.9% | 2.4% | 1.2% | 0.0% | 1.50 |
| Environment/attitudes | |||||
| Perceived peer maximum drinks | 1.7(0.80) | 1.7(0.86) | 2.3 (0.85) | 2.5 (0.93) | 29.48*** |
| z alcohol expectancy | -0.2 (0.94) | 0.3 (1.06) | 0.4 (0.80) | 0.4(0.91) | 18.72*** |
| z hassles | 0.0 (0.78) | -0.1 (0.84) | 0.0 (0.72) | 0.2 (0.90) | 1.83 |
| Drink to cope | 9.2 (2.68) | 11.1 (3.21) | 11.2(3.01) | 11.9(3.25) | 33.35*** |
Notes: SRE = self-report measure of the number of drinks need for effects the first five times drinking; LR = level of response; no. = number; AUD = alcohol use disorder; sensation seeking = Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale for Adults and the Russo Sensation Seeking Scale for Children; z sensation seeking = scales z scored within adults and within adolescents; NEO = NEO Five-Factor Inventory personality inventory with scores presented as T values where 50 indicates an average score regarding the literature; ASPD = antisocial personality disorder; MDE = major depression episode; peer maximum drinks = from Important Persons and Activity Scale; alcohol expectancy = Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (adult and adolescent); z alcohol expectancy = scales z scored within adults and within adolescents; hassles = Daily Hassles & Uplifts Scale (adult) and the Children’s Hassles Scale; z hassles = scales z scored within adults and within adolescents.
p < .05;
p < .01;
p < .001.