TABLE 2.
Baseline dietary characteristics by absolute phosphorus intake quartiles1
| Quartile 1 (n = 2424) | Quartile 2 (n = 2422) | Quartile 3 (n = 2421) | Quartile 4 (n = 2419) | P | |
| Absolute phosphorus intake (mg/d) | 629 (503–737)2 | 993 (905–1078) | 1356 (1259–1471) | 1992 (1769–2355) | |
| Phosphorus density (mg/kcal) | 0.48 (0.40–0.58) | 0.55 (0.47–0.67) | 0.61 (0.51–0.71) | 0.67 (0.57–0.79) | <0.001 |
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 1309 ± 113 | 1828 ± 17 | 2354 ± 17 | 3253 ± 28 | <0.001 |
| HEI4 score | 58.9 ± 0.4 | 65.2 ± 0.5 | 65.2 ± 0.5 | 63.7 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| Consumed any soda (%)5 | 56.9 | 58.8 | 59.2 | 61.2 | 0.07 |
| Consumed any fast food (%)6 | 14.9 | 18.1 | 19.4 | 17.4 | 0.2 |
| Nutrient and food group intakes standardized by total energy intake7 | |||||
| Sodium (mg/d) | 3149 ± 40 | 3269 ± 40 | 3291 ± 34 | 3364 ± 31 | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mg/d) | 2699 ± 46 | 2720 ± 25 | 2686 ± 25 | 2742 ± 33 | 0.5 |
| Calcium (mg/d) | 581 ± 9 | 705 ± 10 | 805 ± 13 | 944 ± 17 | <0.001 |
| Protein (g/d) | 67.4 ± 0.8 | 75.5 ± 0.7 | 77.6 ± 0.7 | 82.1 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Total fat (g/d) | 70.0 ± 0.7 | 73.5 ± 0.8 | 76.1 ± 0.8 | 78.8 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Saturated fat (g/d) | 22.4 ± 0.4 | 24.2 ± 0.3 | 25.7 ± 0.4 | 27.5 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 15.4 ± 0.3 | 15.9 ± 0.2 | 15.9 ± 0.3 | 15.6 ± 0.2 | 0.9 |
| Grains (servings/d) | 6.69 ± 0.09 | 6.53 ± 0.11 | 6.41 ± 0.10 | 6.04 ± 0.10 | <0.001 |
| Fruit (servings/d) | 1.89 ± 0.09 | 1.54 ± 0.07 | 1.41 ± 0.05 | 1.23 ± 0.08 | <0.001 |
| Vegetables (servings/d) | 3.49 ± 0.10 | 3.44 ± 0.11 | 2.95 ± 0.07 | 2.86 ± 0.07 | <0.001 |
| Dairy (servings/d) | 1.14 ± 0.04 | 1.67 ± 0.05 | 2.02 ± 0.05 | 2.52 ± 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Meat (servings/d) | 1.95 ± 0.04 | 2.09 ± 0.04 | 2.08 ± 0.05 | 2.12 ± 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Legumes (servings/d) | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.01 | 0.12 ± 0.01 | 0.001 |
1
Means and proportions of baseline characteristics were compared across quartiles by using logistic regression for categorical variables and linear regression for continuous variables.
2
Median; IQR in parentheses (all such values).
3
Mean ± SE (all such values).
4
HEI, Healthy Eating Index.
5
Includes regular and diet sodas.
6
Includes food consumed at fast-food, takeout, and delicatessen locations or menu items from major fast-food chains.
7
Values of nutrients and food groups presented are for a 2000-kcal/d diet.