TABLE 4.

Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality according to phosphorus density¹

	Model 1	P	Model 2	P
All-cause mortality
Continuous [/0.1-unit increase in phosphorus density (mg/kcal)]
<0.35 mg/kcal	0.36 (0.20, 0.66)	0.001	0.46 (0.24, 0.89)	0.02
≥0.35 mg/kcal	2.88 (1.59, 5.23)	0.001	2.27 (1.19, 4.33)	0.01
CVD2 mortality
Continuous [/0.1-unit increase in phosphorus density (mg/kcal)]
<0.35 mg/kcal	0.22 (0.10, 0.48)	<0.001	0.30 (0.13, 0.73)	0.01
≥0.35 mg/kcal	4.74 (2.12, 10.6)	<0.001	3.39 (1.43, 8.02)	0.01

¹Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate HRs of mortality by phosphorus density. Phosphorus density was modeled as a continuous variable by using linear splines (knot at 0.35 mg/kcal, which corresponded to 700 mg for a 2000-kcal/d diet) on the basis of a visual inspection of locally weighted smoothing plots. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, poverty:income ratio, and total energy intake. Model 2 was adjusted as for model 1 and for BMI, systolic blood pressure, current and former smoking, physical activity, non–HDL cholesterol, log albumin:creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and low vitamin D concentration.

²CVD, cardiovascular disease.