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. 2013 Nov 20;99(2):334–343. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.059121

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of participants, 1991–20091

1991 1993 1997 2000 2004 2006 2009
No. of subjects 7337 6958 7241 7940 7250 6826 6932
Sample participated previously (%)2 85.0 60.5 78.4 78.6 88.2 77.7
Replenishment sample (%) 15.0 39.5 21.6 21.4 11.8 22.3
Age (y) 37.4 ± 11.03 37.9 ± 10.9 38.8 ± 10.8 40.1 ± 10.5 42.3 ± 10.4 43.3 ± 10.2 43.5 ± 10.6
 20–29 y (%) 32.2 28.8 26.0 20.7 15.0 12.0 13.6
 30–39 y (%) 28.9 29.2 26.9 28.8 25.8 24.9 22.3
 40–49 y (%) 22.6 25.3 28.6 29.7 30.3 30.9 31.0
 50–60 y (%) 16.4 16.7 18.5 20.8 29.0 32.2 33.2
Female (%) 52.0 52.0 51.0 51.2 52.2 52.5 52.0
Rural areas (%) 67.9 71.8 71.0 71.4 71.7 71.8 70.7
Less than high school education (%) 82.5 81.4 78.8 75.1 73.3 70.5 71.7
Adjusted household income4 12.0 ± 8.8 13.8 ± 11.9 16.2 ± 13.3 20.0 ± 20.1 24.2 ± 24.4 28.5 ± 36.8 39.9 ± 46.6
Smoker (%) 32.4 31.3 33.4 29.2 32.2 31.2 31.5
 Men 64.0 61.6 64.4 56.4 64.3 63.1 62.7
 Women 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.2 2.9 2.4 2.6
Alcohol drinker (%) 35.5 33.6 37.9 32.6 34.2 33.8 36.3
 Men 60.6 58.0 66.5 57.4 62.2 62.7 65.0
 Women 12.3 11.1 10.3 8.8 8.7 7.7 9.7
Weight (kg) 55.8 ± 9.0 56.2 ± 9.0 57.8 ± 9.8 59.7 ± 10.3 60.5 ± 10.6 61.1 ± 10.7 61.8 ± 11.0
 Men 59.2 ± 8.6 59.9 ± 8.5 61.5 ± 8.6 63.8 ± 10.2 64.8 ± 10.5 65.6 ± 10.6 66.5 ± 11.0
 Women 52.7 ± 8.2 53.0 ± 8.2 54.4 ± 9.8 56.1 ± 8.9 56.7 ± 9.1 57.0 ± 8.9 57.6 ± 9.2
BMI (kg/m2) 21.7 ± 2.8 21.9 ± 2.7 22.3 ± 3.0 22.9 ± 3.1 23.1 ± 3.2 23.3 ± 3.2 23.4 ± 3.4
 Men 21.5 ± 2.5 21.7 ± 2.5 22.2 ± 2.8 22.8 ± 3.0 23.1 ± 3.1 23.3 ± 3.1 23.5 ± 3.3
 Women 22.0 ± 2.9 22.0 ± 2.9 22.5 ± 3.1 23.0 ± 3.2 23.2 ± 3.3 23.2 ± 3.3 23.3 ± 3.4
SBP (mm Hg) 112.2 ± 15.6 112.7 ± 14.9 116.1 ± 15.6 116.9 ± 15.5 119.1 ± 16.0 118.6 ± 15.7 120.8 ± 16.6
 Men 114.7 ± 14.8 115.0 ± 13.7 118.2 ± 14.3 119.2 ± 14.2 121.5 ± 14.9 121.0 ± 14.6 122.9 ± 15.1
 Women 109.9 ± 15.9 110.7 ± 15.6 114.1 ± 16.5 114.8 ± 16.2 116.9 ± 16.7 116.5 ± 16.2 118.8 ± 17.6
DBP (mm Hg) 73.5 ± 10.7 74.6 ± 10.3 76.2 ± 10.4 76.9 ± 10.5 78.1 ± 10.9 78.3 ± 10.5 79.8 ± 11.0
 Men 75.2 ± 10.5 76.2 ± 10.0 77.8 ± 10.2 78.7 ± 10.1 79.9 ± 10.5 80.3 ± 10.3 81.8 ± 10.6
 Women 72.0 ± 10.8 73.2 ± 10.4 74.8 ± 10.5 75.3 ± 10.7 76.5 ± 10.9 76.4 ± 10.4 78.0 ± 11.0
1

Age, weight, BMI, SBP, and DBP were significantly greater in 2009 than in any earlier year (P-trend < 0.01, general linear regression models). Percentage of participants aged ≥50 y who lived in urban areas and who achieved higher education were greater in 2009 than in earlier years (P-trend < 0.01, chi-square tests). Percentage of females, alcohol drinkers, and smokers did not significantly change over time (P-trend > 0.05, chi-square tests). DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

2

The percentage of participants who participated previously is different from the follow-up rate, because participants younger than 20 y or older than 60 y were excluded from the analysis.

3

Mean ± SD (all such values).

4

Adjusted to Chinese yuan value in 2009 (per 1000 yuan).