Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of maternal covariates by tertiles of AHEI-P.
| T1 | T2 | T3 | P-value | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 28.4 ± 5.3 | 28.7 ± 5.1 | 30.1 ± 5.5 | <0.001 | 29.1 ± 5.4 |
| Race, n (%) | |||||
| White | 264 (89.5) | 261 (87.9) | 251 (84.8) | 0.22 | 777 (87.4) |
| Education, n (%) | |||||
| High school or less | 68 (23.9) | 42 (14.7) | 43 (15.3) | <0.001 | 154 (18.0) |
| Some College | 126 (44.2) | 108 (37.8) | 102 (36.2) | 336 (39.3) | |
| Associate or BA | 73 (25.6) | 97 (33.9) | 101 (35.8) | 271 (31.7) | |
| Master or more | 18 (6.3) | 39 (13.6) | 36 (12.8) | 93 (10.9) | |
| Poverty index ratio, n (%) | |||||
| <185% | 138 (46.5) | 105 (35.2) | 92 (31.0) | <0.0001 | 335 (37.5) |
| 185 to 350% | 114 (38.4) | 118 (39.6) | 113 (38.1) | 346 (38.8) | |
| ≥350% | 45 (15.2) | 75 (25.2) | 92 (31.0) | 212 (23.7) | |
| Maternal health | |||||
| Smoked, n (%) | 31 (10.5) | 25 (8.5) | 17 (5.8) | 0.11 | 74 (8.3) |
| Alcohol, g | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 1.5 | 0.16 | 0.1 ± 0.9 |
| Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 27.5 ± 7.3 | 25.5 ± 5.8 | 25.3 ± 5.7 | <0.0001 | 26.1 ± 6.4 |
| Gestational weight gain, kg | 13.4 ± 6.4 | 14 ± 6.1 | 14.4 ± 5.8 | 0.12 | 14.0 ± 6.1 |
| Total food energy, kcal | 1733 ± 660 | 2036 ± 729 | 2546 ± 969 | <0.0001 | 2104 ± 864 |
| Infant Health | |||||
| Gestational age, weeks | 39.3 ± 1.2 | 39.3 ± 1.3 | 39.3 ± 1.2 | 0.62 | 39.3 ± 1.2 |
| Birthweight | |||||
| Birthweight, g | 3444 ± 446 | 3405 ± 462 | 3478 ± 454 | 0.14 | 3443 ± 454 |
| BW ≤10th percentile, n (%) | 24 (8.1) | 23 (7.7) | 24 (8.1) | 0.98 | 71 (7.95) |
| BW ≥90th percentile, n (%) | 32 (10.8) | 22 (7.4) | 28 (9.4) | 0.35 | 82 (9.18) |
|
| |||||
| Diet scores | |||||
| AHEI-P, range (n) | 33–52 (297) | 53–62 (298) | 63–98 (297) | 59.1 ± 11.8 | |
| aMEDa, range (n) | 0–3 (369) | 4-5 (333) | 6–8 (191) | 4.0 ± 1.8 | |
|
| |||||
| Carbohydrate quality | |||||
| GIb, range (n) | 35–48 (297) | 49–51 (298) | 52–63 (298) | 50.0 ± 3.6 | |
| GLc, range (n) | 38–107 (297) | 108–152 (298) | 153–520 (298) | 141.5 ± 66.0 | |
aAlternate Mediterranean diet, out of 8 pts; bglycemic index; cglycemic load.