Table 2. Clinical parameters of baseline and follow-up according to the change of body fat percentage.
| Baseline study | Follow-up study | |||||||
| Changes of body fat percentage | Changes of body fat percentage | |||||||
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd | P | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | P | |
| Age (yr) | 71.3±6.9 | 70.6±6.0 | 71.6±6.4 | 0.429 | ||||
| Sex (%) | 72 (55.4) | 69 (53.1) | 58 (44.6) | 0.188 | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.2±16.6 | 132.5±15.3 | 131.1±18.3 | 0.611 | 125.3±16.7 | 123±15.9 | 125.6±16.0 | 0.379 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2±2.9 | 24.4±3.1 | 24.2±3.4 | 0.829 | 23.0±2.8 | 24.2±3.2 | 25.1±3.4 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 85.5±8.8 | 85.6±8.9 | 87.9±9.7 | 0.085 | 84.4±7.9 | 86.9±7.7 | 89.6±8.7 | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.91±0.08 | 0.91±0.09 | 0.93±0.09 | 0.247 | 0.90±0.6 | 0.90±0.05 | 0.92±0.05 | 0.017 |
| eGFR(ml/min/1.73 cm2) | 75.4±13.9 | 75.5±15.6 | 75.5±16.2 | 0.996 | 75.2±13.3 | 73.6±15.7 | 70.9±16.6 | 0.075 |
| Proteinuria(%) | 10 (7.8) | 6 (4.7) | 8(6.2) | 0.576 | 6(4.7) | 7 (5.5) | 8(6.2) | 0.867 |
| WBC(×103/µL) | 6.1±1.7 | 6.4±1.6 | 6.3±1.6 | 0.183 | 5.7±1.6 | 6.1±1.56 | 6.3±1.7 | 0.017 |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 19.1±13.6 | 16.5±10.4 | 18.6±13.4 | 0.194 | 12.7±12.1 | 11.2±9.7 | 16.1±14.4 | 0.006 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 63.6±15.4 | 59.4±14.3 | 60.0±15.1 | 0.049 | 55.5±14.2 | 52.0±12.2 | 51.8±13.1 | 0.043 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 124.2±67.3 | 153.0±105.1 | 138.2±103.1 | 0.047 | 113.7±56.3 | 141.3±87.0 | 139.5±84.2 | 0.007 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.1±0.9 | 6.1±0.9 | 6.1±0.8 | 0.971 | 6.02±0.70 | 6.18±0.79 | 6.25±0.89 | 0.087 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.1±0.2 | 4.2±0.2 | 4.1±0.2 | 0.124 | 4.4±0.3 | 4.4±0.2 | 4.4±0.3 | 0.549 |
| HTN (%) | 87 (66.9) | 93 (71.5) | 95 (73.1) | 0.527 | ||||
| DM (%) | 28 (21.5) | 36 (27.7) | 34 (26.2) | 0.492 | ||||
| CVA (%) | 16 (12.3) | 14 (10.8) | 12 (9.2) | 0.625 | ||||
| Exercise (%) | 100 (76.9) | 86 (66.2) | 74 (56.9) | 0.003 | ||||
Measurements taken at follow-up showed marked differences in body composition, inflammation level, and lipid profile amongst tertiles of body fat change, despite no differences at baseline.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; WBC, white blood cell, ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG, triglyceride; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus, CVA, cerebrovascular accident.