Figure 3. HSP47 over-expression induces ESC chemotaxis.

A and B, over-expression of HSP47 induces chemotaxis of ESC. ESCs were transfected with pCMV6-HSP47 plasmid (1 µg/1×10⁶ cells) via electroporation and subjected to 5.0micron transwell chemotaxis assays 48 hours later. Chemotaxis of ESCs (either HSP47 or mock) towards serum free media in the transwells was documented following 1% crystal violet staining. (Scale bars, 30 µm) Chemotaxis of ESCs towards media containing 20% FBS was used as a positive control. Chemotaxis index was defined as the mean number of ESCs counted per 10 random fields of view with 20× objective and presented as fold increase compared to the mock control. Graphs are shown as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *p<0.05 compared with mock control.