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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatol Res. 2012 Sep 13;43(2):139–146. doi: 10.1111/j.1872-034X.2012.01088.x

Figure 3. Probiotic antigens stimulate NKT cells in vitro and in vivo.

Figure 3

(A) Bacterial glycolipids extracted were co-cultured with NKT hybridoma. IL-2 released by NKT hybridoma indicates their activation. 1 = media only; 2 = aAPCs only; 3 = aAPCs loaded with low dose VSL#3 extract; 4 = aAPCs loaded with high dose VSL#3 extract; 5 = aAPCs loaded with high dose VSL#3 extract plus α-GalCer; 6 = aAPCs loaded with low dose B. infantis extract; 7 = aAPCs loaded with high dose B. infantis extract; 8 = aAPCs loaded with high dose B. infantis extract plus α-GalCer; and 9 = aAPCs loaded α-GalCer. (B) Lipid extracts from VSL#3 or B.Infantis, or α-Galcer (2 µg/mouse) were injected to C57BL6 wt mice fed normal diet. After 24 hours, the animals were sacrificed and their hepatic NKT cells were evaluated as described in Fig 2. Means ± SD of the percentages of hepatic NKT cells (gated on CD3+ and CD1d Tetramer+) among HMNCs are shown (n=5 per group). (C) A representative histogram of NKT cell proliferation assay. HMNCs were labeled with CFSE and stimulated with aAPCs loaded with VSL#3 lipid extract or unloaded empty beads. *p<0.025, #p<0.002 vs control.

HHS Vulnerability Disclosure