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A model of Gi/o signaling on the basis of our results. Upon activation, 85–90% of Gi/o heterotrimers dissociate. A GTP-bound heterotrimer complex (GαGTPGβγ) is likely to exist but rapidly and extensively dissociates into GαGTP and Gβγ. The dissociated subunits, being the major components of the activated system, mediate the majority of interactions with downstream effectors. Downstream effectors may shift the G protein equilibrium toward dissociated subunits.
