Table 2.
DNA polymerase β interacting proteins.
| Protein abbreviation |
Protein name | Polβ interaction domain |
Method* | Functional impact | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAG (MPG) | N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase | - | IP | - | [184] |
| APC | Adenomatous polyposis coli | 8K domain (Thr79, Lys81, and Arg83) | FW, Y2H | Inhibition of Polβ lyase activity, inhibition of Polβ strand displacement synthesis | [118, 185, 186] |
| APE1 | DNA-(apurinic/apyrimidinic site) lyase | - | Y2H | Stimulation of the 5’dRP lyase activity | [187] |
| CHIP | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP | 8K domain | - | Polyubiquitylation of Polβ | [54] |
| FEN1 | Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 | - | IP | Stabilization of FEN1 binding to DNA, stimulation of strand displacement and flap hydrolysis | [188, 189] |
| HMGB1 | High-mobility group box 1 | - | IP | - | [48] |
| HSP27 | Heat shock protein 27 | - | IP | Thermoprotection of Polβ | [190] |
| HSP70 | Heat shock protein 70 | - | IP | Stimulation of Polβ activity, thermoprotection of Polβ | [190, 191] |
| Lig1 | DNA ligase 1 | - | IP, PD | Inhibition of strand displacement synthesis | [192] |
| MGC5306 (JOSD3; TAF1D) | TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit D | - | Y2H, IP | - | [193] |
| Mule | Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase | 8K domain | - | Monoubiquitylation of Polβ | [52] |
| MYST1 | MYST histone acetyl transferase 1 | - | Y2H | - | [194] |
| NEIL1 | Nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli) | Amino acids 1–140 | FW | NEIL1 initiated APE-1 independent BER | [195] |
| NEIL2 | Nei endonuclease VIII-like 2 (E. coli) | Amino acids 1–140 | IP, FW | NEIL2 initiated APE-1 independent BER | [196] |
| OGG1 | 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 | - | IP | - | [184] |
| p300 | Histone acetyltransferase p300 | 8K domain | IP, PD | Acetylation of Polβ | [51] |
| p53 | Cellular tumor antigen p53 | - | FW, IP | Enhanced stabilization of Polβ to AP site DNA | [197] |
| PARP1 | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 | Amino acids 124–335 | PD | Stimulation of Polβ strand displacement synthesis activity, enhanced BER activity | [198] |
| PARP2 | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 | - | PD | Enhanced BER activity | [199] |
| PCNA | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen | 31K domain (Palm) | IP, Y2H | - | [200] |
| PNKP | Polynucleotide kinase 3’- phosphotase | - | IP | Enhanced single strand break repair | [201] |
| PRMT1 | Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 | 8K domain | IP, PD | Arginine methylation of Polβ | [202] |
| PRMT6 | Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 | 8K domain | IP, PD | Arginine methylation of Polβ | [203] |
| Rad9/Rad1/Hus1 (9-1-1 complex) | RAD9 homolog/RAD1 homolog/HUS1 checkpoint homolog | - | IP | Stimulation of Polβ strand displacement synthesis activity, increased Polβ affinity for 3’OH primer end | [204] |
| RPA | Replication protein A | - | PD | Reduction of Polβ gap filling efficiency opposite of 8-oxo-G | [205] |
| TLE1 | Transducin-like enhancer of split 1 | - | Y2H | - | [194] |
| Trf2 | Telomeric repeat binding factor 2 | 31K domain | Stimulation of primer extension, stimulation of strand displacement synthesis | [5, 6] | |
| WRN | Werner syndrome, RecQ helicase | - | IP, PD | Stimulation of Polβ strand displacement synthesis, unwinding of Polβ single strand intermediates | [206] |
| XRCC1 | X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells | 31K domain (thumb-palm domains) | FW, Y2H, PD | Scaffolding of BER complex, inhibition of strand displacement | [133] |
*
IP, immunoprecipitation; PD, GST- or other tagged protein pulldown; Y2H, Yeast two-hybrid; FW, Far-Western.