Table 3.

Post-translational modifications of Polβ.

Modification	Amino acids modified	Modified by	Functional impact	Citation
Phosphorylation	Ser 44, Ser 55	PKC alpha	Inhibition of polymerase activity	[207]
Phosphorylation	Tyr 250	n.d.	n.d.	[208, 209]
Acetylation	Lys 72	p300	Inhibition of 5’dRP lyase activity	[51]
Methylation	Arg 137	PRMT1	Inhibition of binding to PCNA	[202]
Methylation	Arg 83, Arg152	PRMT6	Stimulation of DNA binding and polymerase activity	[203]
Polyubiquitylation	n.d.	E3 ligase CHIP	Degradation of Polβ not involved in BER complex	[54]
Monoubiquitylation	Lys 41, Lys 61, Lys 81	E3 ligase Mule	Further polyubiquitylation by CHIP and protein degradation	[52]

n.d. = not determined.