Fig. 2.

JHMV infection of cultured NPCs. (A) GFP-expressing NPCs were infected with JHMV (m.o.i.=0.1) for 18 h. After a 72 h incubation, cells were fixed and stained with antibodies specific for Sox2 (red) and the JHMV nucleocapsid (N) protein (blue) and visualized by fluorescence microscopy (scale bar=100 uM). Arrows indicate Sox2+ and JHMV+ syncytia. (B) Supernatants were harvested from MHV-infected NPC cultures 24, 48, and 72 h following infection and viral titers determined by plaque assay. (C) LDH released by infected NPCs was detected in viral supernatants and normalized to LDH levels from non-infected NPC cultures to evaluate cell death due to MHV infection. (D) Monoclonal CC1 antibody blockade of CEACAM1a following JHMV infection resulted in significantly (p<0.05) reduced viral titers in cultured NPCs compared to non-treated controls by 72 h p.i. For panels (B–D), data is presented as average±SEM and represents three independent experiments.