Fig. 5.

Virus-specific CD4+ T cell enriched medium reduces viral titers via IFN-γ. (A) Media enriched with cytokines from naïve or CD4+ T cells significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) reduced viral titers in JHMV-infected NPCs at defined time p.i. compared to non-conditioned media. (B) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IFN-γ in naïve-versus-DM-specific CD4+ T cell supernatants. Absorbance values at 490 nm were normalized to media alone and expressed as fold changes (DM absorbance/naïve absorbance). For statistical analysis, background-subtracted absorbance values were used (^⁎⁎⁎⁎p<0.0001). (C) High doses of IFN-γ suppress JHMV replication in NPCs, and (D) treatment with 100 U/mL IFN-γ significantly inhibits virus replication at 72 h p.t. (E) Monoclonal antibody blockade of IFN-γ receptor abrogated the virus-suppressive effects of DM CD4+ T cell conditioned media. For all panels, data is presented as average±SEM and represents three independent experiments (^⁎p≤0.05, ^⁎⁎p≤0.01, and ^⁎⁎⁎p≤0.001).