FIG. 8.

Two mechanisms of mitophagy. Mitochondria are cleared from maturing red blood cells through a mechanism involving autophagic recognition of mitochondria through a BNIP3L–LC3 interaction. During removal of damaged mitochondria, PARK2 binds to PINK1 on the mitochondrial surface and ubiquitinates mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, which may then bind SQSTM1, a receptor that interacts with LC3. In either case, the interaction with LC3 leads to sequestration by the phagophore and eventual degradation. This figure was modified from Figure 2 of Youle and Narendra (158). To see this illustration in color, the reader is referred to the web version of this article at www.liebertpub.com/ars