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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jan 17.
Published in final edited form as: Mov Disord. 2013 Jan 2;28(3):327–333. doi: 10.1002/mds.25291

TABLE 1.

Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects by development of ICDs

Subject Characteristics ICD+ (N = 18) ICD− (N = 28) P Value
Demographics
 Age (mean ± SD) 62.4 (±10.2) 61.9 (±10.5) 0.86
 Age of PD onset (mean ± SD) 56.7 (±10.4) 57.0 (±9.0) 0.92
 Disease duration, years (median, range) 4.0 (1.0–19.0) 4.5 (0.0–14.0) 0.69
 Female sex, N (%) 9 (50) 9 (32.1) 0.23
 Right-handedness, N (%) 16 (88.9) 26 (92.9) 0.64
 Right-side onset, N (%) 12 (66.7) 17 (68.0) 0.93
 Married, N (%) 14 (77.8) 22 (78.6) 0.99
 Ethnicity (% white), N (%) 16 (88.9) 24 (85.7) 0.99
 College (or higher) education, N (%) 17 (94.4) 25 (89.3) 0.99
Social history
 Smoking historya, N (%) 8 (44.4) 4 (14.3) 0.040
 Lifetime cigarette smoking, pack-years (median, range) 2.0 (0.0–90.0) 0.0 (0.0–32.4) 0.070
 Current alcohol use, N (%) 16 (88.9) 18 (64.3) 0.090
 Current alcohol use, drinks/day (median, range) 0.6 (0.0–5.0) 0.3 (0.0–3.5) 0.090
 Current caffeine useb, N (%) 18 (100) 18 (66.7) 0.007
 Current caffeine use, cups/day (median, range)b 1.0 (0.3–4.0) 0.8 (0.0–3.5) 0.060
 Lifetime caffeine cup-years (median, range)b 72.0 (19.8–124.3) 37.5 (0.0–132.0) 0.040
Motor, disability, and ADL scores
 UPDRS motor score (mean ± SD)c 33.9 (±12.6) 33.7 (±13.9) 0.97
 Motor complications, N (%) 11 (61.1) 7 (25.0) 0.01
 Dyskinesias, N (%) 3 (16.7) 3 (10.7) 0.67
 Wearing off, N (%) 4 (22.2) 6 (21.4) 0.95
 Off dystonia, N (%) 8 (44.4) 5 (17.9) 0.05
 Modified H & Y stage (median, range) 2.0 (1.0–2.0) 2.0 (1.0–3.0) 0.05
 UPDRS ADL score (median, range) 9.0 (2.0–14.0) 7.0 (1.0–24.0) 0.56
 S&E ADL Scale (mean ± SD) 88.6 (±14.3) 91.3 (±14.2) 0.54
Nonmotor assessments
 MMSE (mean ± SD) 29.6 (±0.6) 28.9 (±1.5) 0.04
 BAI (mean ± SD) 10.4 (±6.0) 8.6 (±7.4) 0.39
 BDI (mean ± SD) 39.9 (±6.1) 37.4 (±7.8) 0.26
 Current sleep disorder, N (%) 12 (66.7) 13 (46.4) 0.18
 Current visual hallucinations, N (%) 3 (16.7) 1 (3.6) 0.28
Medication usage
 On any dopaminergic medication, N (%) 12 (66.7) 16 (57.1) 0.52
 Total LEDD (median, range) 150.0 (0.0–2,320.0) 150.0 (0.0–1,510.0) 0.61
 On DAA, N (%) 10 (55.6) 11 (39.3) 0.28
 DAA-LEDD (median, range) 106.3 (0.0–450.0) 0.0 (0.0–450.0) 0.15
 On L-dopa, N (%) 7 (38.9) 13 (46.4) 0.62
 L-dopa-LEDD (median, range) 0.0 (0.0–2,000.0) 0.0 (0.0–1,450.0) 0.64
 On amantadine, N (%) 3 (16.7) 0 (0.0) 0.05
 On MAOI, N (%) 5 (27.8) 3 (10.7) 0.23
 On antidepressants, N (%) 5 (27.8) 4 (14.3) 0.28
 On benzodiazepines, N (%) 5 (27.8) 6 (21.4) 0.73
PMH
 PMH anxiety, N (%) 7 (38.9) 13 (46.4) 0.62
 PMH depression, N (%) 7 (38.9) 8 (28.6) 0.47
 PMH alcoholism/problem drinking, N (%) 3 (16.7) 3 (10.7) 0.67
FH
 PD, N (%) 6 (33.3) 8 (28.6) 0.75
 Anxiety, N (%) 6 (33.3) 10 (35.7) 0.99
 Depression, N (%) 11 (61.1) 9 (32.1) 0.05
 Alcoholism/problem drinking, N (%) 5 (27.8) 8 (29.6) 0.89
a

Excludes subjects with a trivial smoking history (<5 pack-years).

b

Data missing for one ICD− subject.

c

All subjects with motor fluctuations were evaluated in the “on” state.

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