Table 2.
Synchronic studies in marine systems demonstrating past local adaptation to global change-associated environmental parameters. Plasticity components to the phenotype were not separately estimated
| Taxonomic affiliation | Species | Trait type | Genetic | Cause | Primary driver | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant studies | ||||||
| Chlorophyta | Valonia utricularis | GR, SV | 5 (F > 10) | 1 | T (R + S) | Eggert et al. (2005) |
| Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta | 18 species of macroalgae | GR, SV | 5 (F > 10) | 1 | T (R + S) | Breeman and Pakker (1994) |
| Planta, Spermatophyta | Zostera marina | PS | 5 (FC) | 1,2 | T (S) | Winters et al. (2011) |
| Animal studies | ||||||
| Cnidaria, Anthozoa | Metridium senile | MR, EA | 5 (FC) | 1,2 | T (S) | Walsh and Somero (1981) |
| Cnidaria, Hexacorallia | Pocillopora damicornis | O*/† | 5 (FC) | 1,2 | T (S) | D'Croz and Mate (2004) |
| Cnidaria, Hexacorallia | Pocillopora damicornis | O*/†, PR | 5 (FC) | 1,2 | T (S) | Ulstrup et al. (2006) |
| Cnidaria, Hexacorallia | Turbinaria reniformis | O*/†, PR | 5 (FC) | 1,2 | T (S) | Ulstrup et al. (2006) |
| Crustacea, copepoda | Acartia hudsoncia | DP | 5 (F2) | 1,2 | SE | Avery (2005) |
| Crustacea, copepoda | Labidocera aestiva | DE | 5 (F1, F2) | 1,2 | SE | Marcus (1984) |
| Crustacea, copepoda | Tigriopsis californicus | SV, CO | 5 (F2…F5) | 1,2 | T (S) | Willet (2010) |
| Crustacea, copepoda | Scottolana canadensis | GR, SV | 5 (F2…F5) | 1,2 | T (R + S) | Lonsdale and Levinton (1985) |
| Crustacea, Cirripedia | Semibalanus balanoides | SV | 7 (FC) | 1 | T (S) | Bertness and Gaines (1993) |
| Crustacea, Decapoda | Uca pugnax | GR | 5 (F1) | 1,2 | T (R) | Sanford et al. (2006) |
| Mollusca, Gastropoda | Crepidula fornicata, C. convexa | GR | 5 (FC, F1) | 1,2 | T (R + S) | Ament (1979) |
| Mollusca, Gastropoda | Crepidula nummaria | GR | 5 (F1) | 1,2 | T (R + S) | Dehnel (1955) |
| Mollusca, Gastropoda | Lacuna carinata | GR | 5 (F1) | 1,2 | T (R + S) | Dehnel (1955) |
| Mollusca, Gastropoda | Lacuna vincta | GR | 5 (F1) | 1,2 | T (R + S) | Dehnel (1955) |
| Mollusca, Gastropoda | Thais emarginata | GR | 5 (F1) | 1,2 | T (R + S) | Dehnel (1955) |
| Mollusca, Gastropoda | Nucella canaliculata | SV | 5 (F2) | 1 | T (S) | Kuo and Sanford (2009) |
| Mollusca, Gastropoda | Nucella emarginata | GR | 5 (F2) | 1,2 | T (R) | Palmer (1994) |
| Mollusca, Gastropoda | Bembicium vittatum | GR, ‡ | 5 (F1) | 1 | T (R) | Parsons (1997) |
| Echinodermata, Echinoida | Strongylocentrotus purpuratus | GR, MR, ‡ | 5 (F1) | 1,2 | OA (S) | Kelly et al. (2013) |
| Echinodermata, Echinoida | Strongylocentrotus purpuratus | GE | 5 (FC) | 1 | T (S) | Osovitz and Hofmann (2005) |
Trait type: GR, growth rates, SV, survival, PS, photosynthesis, MR, metabolic rates, DP, diapausing time, EA, enzyme activities, CO, competitive ability, GE, gene expression, O, other (see footnote). Genetic evidence: 1, animal model, 2, common garden studies, 3, comparison to model predictions, 4, experimental evolution, 5, space-for-time, 6, molecular genetic evidence, 7, reciprocal transplant. Qualifier for categories 2 and 5: WC, wild collected material, Fx, use of laboratory-raised progeny of generation x. Cause categories: 1, common sense, 2, experimental (temporal correlation not assessed). Selective driver: T, temperature, OA, ocean acidification, LO, low oxygen, SE, seasonality, qualifier in brackets: R, range of conditions, S, only stressful conditions.
Zooxanthellae abundance.
Coral bleaching.
Morphology.