Table 1. Simulated Hemodynamics for Normal and Four Heart Failure Conditions.
| Parameters | Normal | LVF | Bi-F | LVF, PVR+ | Bi-F, PVR+ |
| Cardiac output (L/min) | 5.8 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.4 |
| Stroke volume (mL) | 68.0 | 41.1 | 37.1 | 39.2 | 28.6 |
| Left atrial pressure (mean, mmHg) | 8.7 | 26.0 | 28.0 | 19.1 | 18.0 |
| Right atrial pressure (mean, mmHg) | 4.4 | 3.5 | 17.1 | 5.1 | 20.7 |
| Arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Systolic | 133.0 | 95.2 | 98.4 | 93.0 | 87.6 |
| Diastolic | 93.0 | 69.4 | 74.8 | 68.3 | 68.0 |
| Mean | 106.0 | 77.3 | 82.1 | 75.9 | 73.8 |
| Pulmonary arterial pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Systolic | 28.0 | 37.9 | 49.8 | 61.9 | 49.4 |
| Diastolic | 15.0 | 29.3 | 31.7 | 42.3 | 35.0 |
| Mean | 20.1 | 32.9 | 37.8 | 48.9 | 39.8 |
| LV end-diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 10.0 | 25.6 | 27.6 | 18.8 | 17.8 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 130.0 | 245.6 | 237.1 | 246.8 | 256.0 |
| RV end-diastolic pressure (mmHg) | 4.0 | 3.3 | 16.8 | 4.8 | 20.5 |
| RV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 121.0 | 106.4 | 252.8 | 125.6 | 277.5 |
LV ejection fraction ( ) |
52 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 11 |
RV ejection fraction ( ) |
56 | 39 | 15 | 31 | 10 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (Wood) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 9.0 | 9.0 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 70 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 85 |
See text for abbreviations.