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. 2014 Feb;21(2):55–60. doi: 10.1101/lm.033514.113

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© 2014 Fenton et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press

This article, published in Learning & Memory, is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution 3.0 Unported), as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.

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Figure 1. — Females show enhanced learned fear expression during extinction and its recall. (A) Schematic representation of the behavioral testing paradigm used. (B) No sex differences in freezing were observed in response to tone–shock pairings during fear conditioning. Females showed increased tone-induced freezing during (C) extinction ([**] P < 0.01) and (D) extinction recall ([***] P < 0.001). (E) Females showed increased spontaneous recovery of fear (i.e., freezing at the start of extinction recall relative to the end of fear conditioning, [*] P < 0.05). Compared to extinction, tone-induced freezing was decreased during extinction recall in (F) males ([*] P < 0.05) and (G) females ([*] P < 0.05).