Table 2.
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections at enrollment
| N | % | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genital tract symptoms and signs | |||
| Women (n= 339) | |||
| Vaginal discharge | 100 | 29.5 | 24.6 – 34.3 |
| Lower abdominal pain | 65 | 19.2 | 15.0 – 23.4 |
| Genital ulceration | 25 | 7.4 | 4.6 – 10.2 |
| Vaginal or vulval condylomata | 8 | 2.4 | 0.7 – 4.0 |
| Men (n= 500) | |||
| Urethral discharge | 41 | 8.2 | 5.8 – 10.6 |
| Dysuria | 57 | 11.4 | 8.6 – 14.2 |
| Genital ulceration | 19 | 3.8 | 2.1 – 5.5 |
| Genital condylomata | 9 | 1.8 | 0.6 – 3.0 |
| Laboratory-confirmed infections* | |||
| Women ( n = 324) | |||
| Vaginitis | |||
| Any confirmed vaginitis | 180 | 55.9 | 50.4 – 61.3 |
| Trichomonas vaginalis† | 32 | 9.9 | 6.7 – 13.2 |
| Candida albicans† | 82 | 25.5 | 20.7 – 30.2 |
| Bacterial vaginosis† | 110 | 34.2 | 29.0 – 39.3 |
| Cervicitis | |||
| Non-specific cervicitis | 34 | 10.6 | 7.2 – 13.9 |
| Gonococcal cervicitis | 0 | 0 | 0 – 1.1‡ |
| HIV-1 | 103 | 32.0 | 26.9 – 37.1 |
| Syphilis | 11 | 3.4 | 1.4 – 5.4 |
| Men (n = 486) | |||
| Urethritis | |||
| Non-specific urethritis§ | 27 | 5.5 | 3.5 – 7.6 |
| Gonoccoccal urethritis | 5 | 1.0 | 0.1 – 1.9 |
| HIV-1 | 102 | 21.0 | 17.4 – 24.6 |
| Syphilis | 16 | 3.3 | 1.7 – 4.9 |
CI = confidence interval
*
Defined in methods section
†
29 women had concurrent BV and candidiasis; 12 had concurrent BV and trichomoniasis; 4 had concurrent candidiasis and trichomoniasis
‡
One-sided p value (97.5)
§
223 urethral smears were performed; 8 men with urethral discharge had a missing urethral smear