Table 2.

Speech and Language Outcomes by Duration of Cochlear Implant Use

	All	7-9 Years	10-14 Years	15+ Years	F
Speech Perception Measures
LNT-Hard Word	60.4 (24.1)	61.5 (27.4)	66.2 (19.5)	45.5 (25.6)	3.1
AVLNST-Hard Auditory	74.7 (30.5)	78.5 (29.3)	82.7 (26.7)	51.5 (31.0)	4.8*
AVLNST-Hard A-V	85.0 (25.3)	78.9 (33.1)	88.2 (22.7)	84.9 (21.4)	0.6
AVLNST-Hard Visual	20.3 (21.6)	11.0 (15.6)	22.0 (25.1)	26.5 (15.7)	1.7
HINT-C in Noise	71.4 (23.9)	69.9 (28.3)	76.6 (18.7)	57.0 (28.2)	2.2
Language Measures
PPVT-4 Standard Score	91.4 (20.6)	89.8 (22.8)	92.3 (20.6)	91.1 (19.9)	0.1
CELF-4 Core Language	90.1 (25.2)	94.5 (25.0)	88.5 (24.9)	89.5 (28.1)	0.2

Note: Unless otherwise indicated, values are means accompanied by standard deviations in parentheses. F-tests are the result of a one-way ANOVA comparison of duration of use groups. LNT=Lexical Neighborhood Test Hard Word; AVLNST=Auditory-Visual Lexical Neighborhood Sentences Test; A-V=Auditory-Visual; HINT-C=Hearing in Noise Test for Children (+5 dB). PPVT-4=Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Fourth Edition; and CELF-4=Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition. N=number of subjects.

^*p<0.05