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Effect of cold water on distal contractile integral (DCI) for single swallow (SS) and 20 mL multiple rapid swallows (MRS), and on 1-minute DCI for 50 mL water infusion in healthy subjects (HS), non-obstructive dysphagia (NOD) and achalasia patients. Data are expressed as ratio between DCI after cold water and DCI after room temperature water. Median and interquartile range are shown.
