Table 1.
Survival by cardiac risk factors in 177 patients with LVEF < 50%
| Risk factor | Number of patients (%) | Median survival (months) | 95% CI for median survival | Hazard ratio (HRa) | 95% CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LVEF | 0.5 | 0.3–0.8 | 0.005 | |||
| >35% | 145 (82) | 8 | 6.7–10.0 | |||
| ≤35% | 32 (18) | 4.2 | 1.6–9.6 | |||
| Cardiac risk factors | ||||||
| Hypertension | 1 | 0.6–1.5 | 0.95 | |||
| Yes | 95 (54) | 8.8 | 7–13.2 | |||
| No | 82 (46) | 5.2 | 3.7–8.4 | |||
| Diabetes | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 | 0.2 | |||
| Yes | 30 (17) | 8.1 | 4.7–NR | |||
| No | 143 (83) | 6.9 | 5.2–8.6 | |||
| Dyslipidemia | 1 | 0.6–1.8 | 0.96 | |||
| Yes | 16 (9) | 9.1 | 4.7–25.7 | |||
| No | 161 (91) | 6.9 | 5.2–8.6 | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 1.1 | 0.5–2.2 | 0.86 | |||
| Yes | 26 (15) | 8.1 | 4.2–NR | |||
| No | 151 (83) | 7.0 | 5.2–8.8 | |||
| History of smoking | 0.8 | 0.5–1.3 | 0.31 | |||
| Yes | 46 (26) | 8.1 | 6.3–18.8 | |||
| No | 131 (74) | 6.7 | 4.6–8.6 | |||
| Body mass index | 0.6 | 0.4–0.99 | 0.033 | |||
| >30 | 35 (20) | 15.5 | 9.1–20.0 | |||
| ≤30 | 142 (80) | 5.5 | 4.4–8.0 | |||
| Potentially cardiotoxic prior therapy | ||||||
| Anthracyclines use | 1.2 | 0.7–1.8 | 0.69 | |||
| Yes | 43 (24) | 5.1 | 4.2–13.2 | |||
| No | 134 (76) | 7.6 | 5.7–9.7 | |||
| Interferon use | 0.6 | 0.3–1.3 | 0.17 | |||
| Yes | 16 (9) | 8.6 | 5.2–NR | |||
| No | 161 (91) | 6.9 | 5.1–8.6 | |||
| Sunitinib use | 0.9 | 04–2.2 | 0.76 | |||
| Yes | 8 (4) | 7.4 | 4.2–NR | |||
| No | 169 (96) | 7.2 | 5.4–8.6 | |||
| Trastuzumab use | 0.82 | 0.5–2.7 | 0.82 | |||
| Yes | 9 (5) | 7.6 | 1.4–NR | |||
| No | 168 (95) | 7.0 | 5.3–8.8 | |||
| Radiation therapy to the chest | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 | 0.64 | |||
| Yes | 21 (12) | 4.2 | 2.8–14.5 | |||
| No | 156 (88) | 7.6 | 5.7–9.6 | |||
| Risk factors in phase I studies | ||||||
| Albumin | 0.4 | 0.3–0.6 | <0.0001 | |||
| ≥3.5 | 125 (71) | 8.6 | 7.6–13.3 | |||
| <3.5 | 52 (29) | 2.6 | 1.4–5.2 | |||
| LDH | 2.3 | 1.6–3.3 | <0.0001 | |||
| <618 | 101 (57) | 9.1 | 7.6–14.5 | |||
| ≥618 | 76 (43) | 3.3 | 2.6–5.3 | |||
| Number of metastatic sites | 2.6 | 1.8–3.7 | <0.0001 | |||
| ≤2 | 94 (53) | 13.2 | 8.4–17.5 | |||
| >2 | 83 (47) | 4.3 | 3.3–6.8 | |||
| Number of prior therapies | 1.8 | 1.2–2.6 | 0.002 | |||
| ≤2 | 86 (49) | 8.8 | 7.3–16.3 | |||
| >2 | 90 (51) | 5.1 | 3.7–7.6 | |||
| ECOG | 1.8 | 1.0–2.9 | 0.025 | |||
| <1 | 28 (16) | 12.4 | 6.2–NR | |||
| ≥1 | 149 (84) | 6.7 | 5.1–8.4 | |||
| Gastrointestinal tumors | 2.4 | 1.5–3.6 | 0.0002 | |||
| Yes | 33 (19) | 4.0 | 1.4–7.0 | |||
| No | 144 (81) | 8.4 | 5.6–12.6 | |||
| RMH Score | 2.8 | 1.9–4.0 | <0.0001 | |||
| <2 | 111 (63) | 9.7 | 7.8–15.3 | |||
| ≥2 | 66 (37) | 3.2 | 2.1–4.4 | |||
| MD Anderson Score | ||||||
| 0–1 | 56 (32) | 18.7 | 16.3–NR | 1.0 | — | — |
| 2–3 | 98 (55) | 5.4 | 4.4–7.6 | 3.5 | 2.2–5.7 | <0.0001 |
| 4–5 | 23 (13) | 0.8 | 0.7–1.4 | 22 | 12–44 | <0.0001 |
| Platelet count | 0.8 | 03–2.6 | 0.73 | |||
| ≤400 000 | 172 (97) | 6.9 | 5.2–8.6 | |||
| >400 000 | 5 (3) | 16.0 | 7–NR | |||
ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NR, not reached; RMH, Royal Marsden Hospital.
aHR < 1 is associated with longer survival. Significant P values of <0.05 are shown in bold.