Table 4.
Protein levels in plasma of canines included in the crossover study
| VNS × C | 3 months VNS ON | 6 months VNS OFF | Δ3 months to 6 months |
|---|---|---|---|
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 4.0 ± 0.2* | 8.9 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 0.46† |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 44.9 ± 4.0* | 113.6 ± 8.7 | 68.7 ± 5.5† |
| CRP (ng/mL) | 11139 ± 692* | 13083 ± 1107 | 1944 ± 1488.7 |
| ProANP (pg/mL) | 2336 ± 285* | 4078 ± 218 | 1742 ± 372.2† |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 694 ± 31* | 1282 ± 21 | 587.5 ± 36.9† |
| C × VNS | 3 months VNS OFF | 6 months VNS ON | Δ3 months to 6 months |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 9.4 ± 0.6 | 0.56 ± 0.3 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 90.0 ± 5.7 | 77.3 ± 4.6 | –12.7 ± 4.2‡ |
| CRP (ng/mL) | 23 699 ± 1148 | 13 506 ± 1128 | –10 193 ± 2126.7‡ |
| ProANP (pg/mL) | 8349 ± 230 | 8786 ± 181 | 437 ± 286.8‡ |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1378 ± 37 | 1130 ± 39 | –248 ± 61.6‡ |
Results are shown for 3 months (initial randomization) and 6 months (3 months post-crossover).
C × VNS, no therapy crossed-over to VNS therapy; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; proANP, pro atrial natriuretic peptide; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation; VNS × C, VNS therapy crossed-over to no therapy.
*P < 0.05 vs. 3 months VNS OFF; †P < 0.05 Δ 3 months VNS ON to 6 months VNS OFF; ‡P < 0.05 Δ 3 months VNS ON to 6 months VNS OFF.