Table 3.

Summary recommendations

Summary Recommendation: Individual-level correction with the Friston-24 model is recommended. Additionally, group-level correction for mean FD is recommended, and removes the need for scrubbing. If group-level correction for mean FD is contraindicated or not practical, then individual-level correction with scrubbing is recommended for PCC-FC, VMHC and ReHo (not ALFF*, fALFF, DC**).

Additional Considerations: Inclusion of global signal regression at the individual-level produces robust reductions in the relationships between motion and R-fMRI measures across participants – particularly for measures without Z-standardization. The benefits of GSR need to be balanced against potential risks for introduction of artifact in the specific analyses employed. For studies limited to low motion datasets, the utility of higher-order Friston 24 model decreases. In this case, we recommend consideration of lower-order (i.e., 6 or 12-parameter) models to minimize the potential for over-fitting, as noted in Satterthwaite et al. (2013). fALFF appeared to be relatively insensitive to motion correction strategies in the present work. Prior work (Satterthwaite et al. 2012) has suggested greater sensitivity in higher motion populations; as such we recommend continued application of correction procedures at the present time.

^*Recommendations against scrubbing for ALFF and fALFF apply to commonly employed FFT-based implementations (see section 4.7 for alternatives).

^**Recommendations against scrubbing for DC were based on concerns regarding its ability to compromise graph construction (see section 3.3 for demonstration).