Table 1.

Definitions of Wisdom: Common Subcomponents

Author(s)	Decision making/knowledge	Proscocial attitudes	Self-reflection	Acknowledgement of uncertainty	Emotional homeostasis	Tolerance	Openness	Spirituality	Sense of humor	Other
1. Kekes (36)	X		X	X
2. Taranto (24)	X	X	X	X
3. Baltes and colleagues (3, 23, 46, 47)	X	X		X		X				lifespan contextualism (e.g., knowledge of many contexts of life, temporal perspective)
4. Achenbaum and Orwoll (48)		X	X	X	X	X	X	X		integrity
5. Denney, Dew, and Kroupa (26)	X	X	X							specific skills (e.g., those related to business, politics, mechanical work, etc.)
6. Ardelt (7)	X	X	X	X	X
7. Hershey and Farrell (27)	X	X	X		X	X		X		enlightened
8. Wink and Helson (49)	X	X	X	X		X		X
9. Sternberg (22)	X	X	X	X
10. Levitt (50)	X	X	X							honesty, humility, efficiency
11. McKee and Barber (51)	X	X		X
12. Olejnik (52)	X			X						biographical
13. Jason and colleagues (53)	X	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	reverence for nature
14. Yang (25)	X	X			X		X			modesty/uno btrusiveness
15. Montgomer y, Barber, and McKee (28)	X	X	X							moral principles
16. Perry and colleagues (54)	X	X		X	X			X		reverence for nature
17. Takahashi and Overton (55)	X	X	X		X
18. Webster (37)	X		X		X		X		X
19. Gluck, Bluck, Baron, and McAdams (56)	X	X	X	X	X	X
20. Brown and Greene (32)	X	X	X	X	X
21. Jeste and Vahia (1)	X	X	X		X
22. Meeks and Jeste (12)	X	X	X	X	X	X
23. Grossmann and colleagues (5)	X	X	X	X						acknowledgment of likelihood of change, prediction flexibility
24. Jeste and colleagues (29)	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	maturity
Number of reviewed definitions including subcomponent	23	21	19	16	13	7	5	5	3