Table 1.
Examples of nontargeted nanosystems in clinical use for anticancer therapy
| Name | Formulation | Bioactive compound | Indication | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liposomes | ||||
| DaunoXome® | Non-PEGylated liposomes | Daunorubicin | Kaposi’s sarcoma | Approved |
| Myocet® | Non-PEGylated liposomes | Doxorubicin | Breast cancer | Approved |
| Onco TCS® | Non-PEGylated liposomes | Vincristine | Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | Approved |
| Depocyt® | Non-PEGylated liposomes | Cytarabine | Leukemia Glioblastoma |
Phase III Phase I/II |
| Doxil®/Caelyx® | PEGylated liposomes | Doxorubicin | Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, Kaposi’s sarcoma | Approved |
| Thermodox® | PEGylated liposomes | Doxorubicin | Liver cancer, breast cancer | Phase III |
| SPI-77 | PEGylated liposomes | Cisplatin | Ovarian cancer | Phase II |
| NL CPT | PEGylated liposomes | Irinotecan | Glioma | Phase I |
| Polymeric nanoparticles | ||||
| Genexol-PM® | PEG-poly(lactic acid) | Paclitaxel | Breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer | Phase II |
| NK105 | PEG-poly(aspartic acid) | Paclitaxel | Gastric cancer Breast cancer |
Phase I Phase III |
| NK911 | PEG-poly(aspartic acid) | Doxorubicin | Various solid tumors | Phase II |
| Opaxio™ | PGA-paclitaxel | Paclitaxel | Lung cancer, ovarian cancer | Phase III |
| CRLX101 | PEG-cyclodextrin | Camptothecin | Non-small-cell lung cancer | Phase II |
| NC-6004 | PEG-poly(glutamic acid) | Cisplatin | Pancreatic cancer | Phase II |
| ProLindac™ | HPMA | DACH-Pt | Ovarian cancer | Phase II |
| Other | ||||
| Abraxane® | Albumin-based | Paclitaxel | Breast cancer | Approved |
| Paclical® | Micellar retinoid-derived | Paclitaxel | Ovarian cancer | Phase III |
| NC-4016 | Micellar PEG/polyamino acid | Oxaliplatin | Various solid tumors | Phase I/II |
| Oncaspar® | PEG-L-asparaginase | Asparagine specific enzyme | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Approved |
Note: DaunoXome® (Galen US Inc., Souderton, PA, USA); Myocet® (Sopherion Therapeutics Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA); Onco TCS® (Inex Pharmaceuticals Corp., Burnay, BC, Canada, and Enzon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bridgewater, NJ, USA); Depocyt® (Pacira Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, USA); Doxil®/Caelyx® (Janssen Biotech Inc., Horsham, PA, USA/Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia); Thermodox® (Celsion Corporation, Lawrenceville, NJ, USA); Genexol-PM® (Samyang Biopharmaceuticals Corporation, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea); Opaxio™ (Cell Therapeutics, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA); ProLindac™ (Access Pharmaceuticals Inc., Dallas, TX, USA); Abraxane® (Celgene Corporation, Inc., Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA); Paclical® (Oasmia Pharmaceutical AB, Uppsala, Sweden); Oncaspar® (Enzon Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bridgewater, NJ, USA).
Abbreviations: PEG, poly(ethylene glycol); HPMA, hydroxypropylmethacrylamide; DACH-Pt, diaminocyclohexane-platinum.