Table 3. Clinical and metabolic characteristics of Hong Kong Chinese healthy adults stratified according to the genotypes of DACH1 rs1408888.
| Characteristics | GG (N = 55) | TG (N = 246) | TT (N = 298) | P |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.7±3.8 | 22.9±3.3 | 23.0±3.3 | 0.801 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 74.7±10.7 | 76.7±9.8 | 77.2±9.1 | 0.780 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 92.8±6.4 | 93.3±6.3 | 93.6±5.8 | 0.624 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 111±14.5 | 114.3±16.1 | 116.8±16.9 | 0.030 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 68.6±10.8 | 72.2±11 | 72.9±11.5 | 0.073 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.7±0.8 | 5±0.9 | 5.1±1 | 0.025 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 0.7 (0.6 – 1.1) | 0.9 (0.6 – 1.3) | 0.9 (0.7 – 1.3) | 0.547 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.5±0.4 | 1.6±0.4 | 1.5±0.4 | 0.306 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l) | 2.8±0.8 | 3±0.8 | 3±0.9 | 0.071 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 4.9 (4.5 – 5.2) | 4.8 (4.6 – 5.1) | 4.8 (4.6 – 5.1) | 0.709 |
| Fasting plasma insulin (pmol/l) | 39.9 (23.1 – 51.2) | 40.2 (24.4 – 55.9) | 42.4 (29.7 – 61.6) | 0.014 |
| HOMA -IR | 1.4 (0.8 – 1.9) | 1.5 (0.9 – 2.0) | 1.5 (1 – 2.2) | 0.019 |
| HOMA-β | 93.6 (68.1 – 135.6) | 99 (63.4 – 162.6) | 112.5 (71.0 – 167.6) | 0.010 |
| Insulinogenic index (mU/mmol): | 13.9 (8.1 – 21.4) | 15.5 (9.3 – 23.6) | 16.3 (9.7 – 25.6) | 0.2369 |
| β Cell function (×10−6): | 26.6 (19.4 – 35.2) | 28.3 (18.6 – 38.7) | 32.1 (21 – 44.2) | 0.0804 |
Data are expressed as n, mean±SD or median (interquartile range). P values were calculated from linear regression adjusted for sex and age assuming an additive model. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as (FPI ×FPG)÷22.5, and homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-β) was calculated as FPI×20÷(FPG–3.5) where FPI = fasting plasma insulin and FPG = fasting plasma glucose. Beta cell function (×10−6) was determined by the formula: [insulin AUC30min (min.pmol/l)÷glucose AUC30min (min.mmol/l)] where AUC = area under curve. Insulinogenic index was calculated as (FPI during OGTT for 30 min – 0 min) ÷(FPG during OGTT for 30 min – 0 min) where OGTT = 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test.