Representativeness |
1: Random/consecutive and response rate>70% |
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0.5: Restrictive inclusion/exclusion criteria or response rate<70% |
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0: Convenience sampling |
Adequate power |
1: Describes power calculations and was adequately powered |
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0.5: Does not describe calculations but is adequately powered (n>175) |
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0: Is not adequately powered |
Appropriate outcome measure |
1: Both self-report and hospital records |
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0.5: Hospital records or self-report with ≤20% attrition |
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0: Self-report with >20% attrition |
Controlling for confounder variables |
1: Confounders controlled for by design or statistical analysis |
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0: Confounders not controlled for |
Appropriate statistical analyses |
1: Appropriate statistical analyses used |
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0.5: Appropriate statistical analyses used in univariate or multivariate analyses only |
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0: Appropriate statistical analyses not used |