Table 2. Pneumococcal carriage prevalence in sub Saharan Africa by age.

A
First author, year	Country	Prevalence	95% CI	% Wt
Hansman, 1977	Nigeria	44.4	34.6 54.2	2.50
Jacobs, 1977	South Africa	41.8	37.6 45.9	2.58
Klugman, 1977	South Africa	58.2	54.6 61.8	2.59
Ringertz, 1987	Ethiopia	89.8	88.0 91.6	2.60
Lloyd- Evans, 1989	Gambia	85.1	83.0 87.2	2.60
Rusen, 1990	Kenya	22.5	13.5 31.6	2.51
Woolfson, 1994	Zambia	71.9	66.4 77.4	2.57
Mthwalo, 1995	Lesotho	59.6	55.4 63.8	2.58
Yomo, 1995	Malawi	47.5	40.6 54.4	2.55
Rowe, 1995	CAR	71.2	66.8 75.6	2.58
Joloba, 1995	Uganda	61.8	54.9 68.7	2.55
Obaro, 1995	Gambia	93.8	90.1 97.5	2.59
Denno, 1996	Ghana	51.4	45.8 57.0	2.57
Kacou-Ndouba, 1997	Ivory Coast	63.3	56.9 69.7	2.56
Feikin, 1997	Malawi	87.0	84.8 89.2	2.59
Huebner, 1997	Botswana	69.1	63.6 74.5	2.57
Feikin, 1997	Malawi	84.0	81.6 86.4	2.59
Gordon, 1998	Malawi	42.0	35.4 48.1	2.56
Mbelle, 1999	South Africa	61.0	54.8 67.2	2.56
Huebner, 2000	South Africa	39.9	34.4 45.4	2.57
Obaro, 2000	Gambia	92.1	88.4 95.8	2.59
Bere, 2000	Burkina Faso	50.7	47.4 54.0	2.59
Adegbola, 2001	Gambia	87.0	80.5 93.5	2.55
McNally, 2001	South Africa	47.6	42.4 52.8	2.57
Darboe, 2001	Gambia	81.0	73.2 88.3	2.53
Cotton, 2002	South Africa	22.2	16.5 27.9	2.56
Hill, 2003	Gambia	93.4	88.7 98.1	2.58
Cheung, 2003	Gambia	86.1	84.0 88.2	2.60
Gill, 2003	Zambia	25.8	23.6 28.1	2.59
Nyandiko, 2003	Kenya	35.9	25.2 46.5	2.48
Valles, 2003	Mozambique	87.0	83.1 90.9	2.58
Haug, 2003	Ethiopia	93.3	88.8 97.8	2.58
Scott, 2004	Kenya	78.0	73.0 83.0	2.57
Abdullahi, 2004	Kenya	57.0	52.4 61.6	2.58
Abdullahi, 2006	Kenya	76.0	65.4 86.6	2.48
Hill, 2008	Gambia	86.0	81.6 90.4	2.58
Nwachukwu, 2008	Nigeria	69.0	58.2 79.8	2.47
Kacou-N'douba, 2010	Ivory Coast	27.5	24.7 30.3	2.59
Darboe, 2010	Gambia	21.0	15.3 26.7	2.56
Overall prevalence		63.2	55.6 70.8	100.00
I2(%), p-value	99.33, <0.001

(A) Children <5years, n = 15,879 (B) Children 5–15 years, n = 7,180 (C) Adults >15 years n = 5,350.