Table 2.
Sense of coherence and major depression as predictors of pain specific outcomes and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain
|
Outcome (pain or HRQoL) |
Adjusted (step 1)
A
|
Adjusted (step 2)
B
|
Adjusted (step 2)
B
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Strong SOC as the predictor
|
Strong SOC as the predictor
|
Absence of major depression as the predictor
|
||||||||||
| Beta | SE | T-value | P | Beta | SE | T-value | P | Beta | SE | T-value | P | |
| BPI severity |
−.064 |
.233 |
−0.27 |
.784 |
.178 |
.241 |
0.74 |
.461 |
-.880 |
.271 |
−3.25 |
.001 |
| BPI interference |
−.576 |
.292 |
−1.97 |
.050 |
.018 |
.282 |
.06 |
.949 |
−2.16 |
.317 |
−6.82 |
<.0001 |
| ASES pain self-efficacy |
1.245 |
.272 |
4.58 |
<.0001 |
.702 |
.263 |
2.67 |
.008 |
1.98 |
.296 |
6.68 |
<.0001 |
| CSQ pain catastrophizing |
−5.36 |
1.035 |
−5.18 |
<.0001 |
−2.95 |
0.968 |
−3.04 |
.003 |
−8.79 |
1.09 |
−8.07 |
<.0001 |
| SF-36 general health |
11.059 |
3.408 |
3.24 |
.001 |
7.503 |
3.514 |
2.14 |
.034 |
12.943 |
3.954 |
3.27 |
.001 |
| SF-36 vitality |
14.784 |
2.673 |
5.53 |
<.0001 |
10.683 |
2.685 |
3.98 |
<.0001 |
14.923 |
3.020 |
4.94 |
<.0001 |
| SF-36 social functioning |
20.589 |
3.415 |
6.03 |
<.0001 |
12.924 |
3.226 |
4.01 |
<.0001 |
27.897 |
3.629 |
7.69 |
<.0001 |
| SF-12 mental component | 12.083 | 1.433 | 8.38 | <.0001 | 8.280 | 1.298 | 6.38 | <.0001 | 13.839 | 1.461 | 9.48 | <.0001 |
AStep 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race, sociodemographic disadvantage index, medical comorbidity.
BStep 2: Adjusted for variables in step 1, plus major depression.
Note: SOC = Sense of Coherence; BPI = Brief Pain Inventory; ASES = Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale; CSQ = Catastrophizing Strategies Questionnaire; SF-36 = the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey; SF-12 =.