Table 1.

Current stem cell-based options for knee cartilage defects

Cells	Environment	Approach	Patient follow-up	Results	Reference
BMSCs	Cells, FG	S	n=36 (24 months)	Clinical improvements, hyaline-like tissue	205
	Cells, PRFG	S	n=5 (one year)	Clinical improvements, hyaline-like tissue	202
	Cells, HA	I, S	n=70 (24 months)	Clinical improvements	195
	Cells, collagen gel	S	n=2 (5 years)	Clinical improvements, fibrocartilaginous to hyaline-like tissue	209
			n=1 (one year)		204
			n=3 (27 months)		210
	Cells, collagen scaffold	S	n=2 (31 months)	Clinical improvements, fibrocartilaginous tissue	203
	Cells, IP-CHA	S	n=1 (none)	Hyaline-like tissue	199
	Concentrate, FG	S	n=14 (12 months)	Clinical improvements	208
	Concentrate, PRFG and HA	S	n=20 (24 months)	Clinical improvements, hyaline-like tissue	200
	Concentrate, collagen membrane	S	n=54 (5 years)	Clinical improvements, fibrocartilaginous to hyaline-like tissue	207
			n=21 (5 years)		206
	Concentrate, AMIC	S	n=5 (12 months)	Fibrocartilaginous to hyaline-like tissue	201
PBMSCs	Cells	I	n=52 (6 years)	Clinical improvements	198
	Cells, HA	I	n=5 (3 months)	Hyaline-like tissue	196
			n=25 (24 months)		197
	Cells, collagen membrane	S	n=25 (5 years)	Clinical improvements, fibrocartilaginous to hyaline-like tissue	206

Abbreviations: BMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; FG, fibrin glue; PRFG, platelet-rich fibrin glue; HA, hyaluronic acid; IP-CHA, interconnected porous hydroxyapatite ceramic; AMIC, autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (collagen type I/III matrix); I, injective treatment; S, surgical treatment; PBMSCs, peripheral blood marrow-derived mesenchymal cells.