Table 1. Results Overview.
Angular Deviation | Condition | Statistics | |||||||||
0° | 5° | 10° | 15° | 30° | ST | DT | Task | Deviation | Task by Deviation | ||
Walking Trajectories (mean±SEM) | MP [°] | 1.04±.25 | 3.33±.14 | 5.18±.33 | 7.66±.54 | 14.47±1.23 | 7.60±.55✠ | 7.72±.56✠ | p>.64 | p<.001*** | p>.79 |
ATD [cm] | 8.62±.59 | 9.65±.71 | 10.16±1.00 | 9.64±.61 | 11.48±.86 | 9.27±.56 | 10.55±.95 | p>.06 | p<.001*** | p>.54 | |
MTD [cm] | 45.15±3.80 | 46.01±4.33 | 48.80±4.24 | 46.51±4.96 | 52.05±3.89 | 43.28±3.19 | 52.13±4.56 | p = .032* | p>.41 | p>.14 | |
ATE [cm] | 6.33±.51 | 6.85±.52 | 8.31±.43 | 9.95±.46 | 19.42±.72 | 10.25±.42 | 10.09±.50 | p>.54 | p<.001*** | p = .039 | |
Kinematics | WT [sec] | 3.61±.10 | 4.13±.43 | 4.14±.33 | 4.19±.19 | 4.38±.67 | 3.84±.89 | 4.34±.92 | p = .016* | p<.001*** | p = .124 |
Neck [rel. °] | 7.53±.52 | 7.60±.59 | 7.70±.60 | 7.79±.54 | 8.60±.78 | 7.84±.64 | 7.85±.72 | p>.98 | p<.001*** | p>.08 | |
Neck CV | 0.79±.05 | 0.77±.05 | 0.80±.05 | 0.79±.04 | 0.83±.05 | 0.80±.04 | 0.79±.06 | p>.69 | p>.19 | p>.31 | |
Knee [rel. °] | 7.30±.31 | 7.00±.27 | 7.20±.27 | 7.34±.37 | 7.11±.29 | 7.32±.27 | 7.06±.34 | p>.21 | p>.09 | p>.05 | |
Knee CV | 1.20±.06 | 1.16±.05 | 1.18±.06 | 1.21±.06 | 1.20±.06 | 1.22±.06 | 1.16±.06 | p>.31 | p>.63 | p>.70 | |
Motor Awareness | MA✠✠ [%yes] | 95.8±1.1 | 92.3±1.9 | 73.5±4.9 | 46.5±6.5 | 7.4±2.4 | 61.2±2.8 | 65.1±2.9 | p>.06 | p<.001*** | p = .01* |
RT [sec] | 1.36±.13 | 1.51±.15 | 1.58±.17 | 1.58±1.46 | 1.46±.13 | 1.48±.14 | 1.52±.15 | p>.64 | p>.25 | p>.16 |
Walking trajectories were not significantly impacted by the cognitive load and clearly dependent on the introduced angular deviations in both experimental conditions. The main effect of Task on maximum trajectory deviations is due to the fact that the timing of the trials is integrated in these calculations. Walking time (WT), i.e. velocity was significantly affected in the DT condition as participants systematically slowed down. Motor awareness strongly depended on the angular deviations and, in trials around the perceptual threshold, significantly declined in the DT condition.
mean over deviated trials only;
Motor Awareness significantly affected by the Dual Task for angular deviations of 10° and 15°.
(* p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001).