Enhanced glucose tolerance after medium-level expression of XBP1s is FoxO1-dependent. Seven-week-old, male, ob/ob mice were injected with Ad-shGFP + Ad-LacZ (n = 5), Ad-shGFP + Ad-XBP1s (n = 5), Ad-shFoxO1 + Ad-LacZ (n = 5) or Ad-shFoxO1 + Ad-LacZ (n = 5) through tail vein. (a) Blood glucose levels on day 7, and (b) GTT on day 5 after the adenovirus injections. (c) FoxO1 and XBP1s protein levels in the liver of adenovirus-injected ob/ob mice on day 7 after injections. Relative mRNA levels of (d) Foxo1, (e) Igfbp1 and Ppargc1a, (f) Dnajb9 and Hspa5 on day 7 after adenovirus injections. Error bars are ± s.e.m.; P values were determined by Student’s t-test. (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).