Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study groups (n = 1, 950).
| Characteristics | Healthy Controls(n = 1000) | Schizophrenia Patients(n = 950) | p-value* |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 53.5±15.8 | 38.0±11.6 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 24.8±3.9 | 27.1±5.5 | <0.0001 |
| Gender male, n (%) | 490 (49.0) | 600 (63.2) | <0.0001 |
| Education Level (n, %) | <0.0001 | ||
| Primary | 246 (24.7) | 405 (42.7) | |
| Secondary | 302 (30.2) | 241 (25.4) | |
| Tertiary | 451 (45.1) | 303 (31.9) | |
| Duration of illness, months (mean ± SD) | – | 13.1±16.2 | |
| Mean dose of antipsychotic in CPZ equivalent(mean ± SD) | 475±1248 | ||
| PANSS (mean ± SD) | |||
| Positive symptoms | – | 27.7±6.4 | |
| Negative symptoms | – | 24.4±7.5 | |
| General | – | 49.4±11.7 | |
| Total score | – | 101.5±21.4 |
*
x 2 test for categorical variables, t-test for continuous variables.
BMI = body mass index; CPZ = chlorpromazine.