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Mean back pain levels preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively, recorded using the Visual Analogue Score for pain
| n | Preop | 6 weeks postop | 1 year postop | 6 weeks mean reduction (CI) | P value | 1 year mean reduction (CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 119 | 5.14 | 3.03 | 3.07 | 2.11 (1.53–2.69) | <0.0001 | 2.08 (1.38–2.77) | <0.0001 |
