Table 4.
Effect of DSF modes on mortality and morbidity
| Study | Study data | Effect | 95% confidence interval, s.e. or p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Effect on maternal mortality
| ||||
|
Conditional cash transfers | ||||
| |
Hernandez Prado et al. [25] |
1995-2002 |
11% decrease (relative risk 0.89) compared to control areas |
CI: 0.82, 0.95 |
|
Payments to offset costs of access | ||||
| |
No studies |
|
|
|
|
Vouchers for maternity services | ||||
| |
Hatt et al. [8] |
2009 |
No effect compared to control areas |
p = 0.42 |
|
Effect on maternal morbidity
| ||||
|
Conditional cash transfers | ||||
| |
No studies |
|
|
|
|
Payments to offset costs of access | ||||
| |
No studies |
|
|
|
|
Vouchers for maternity services | ||||
| |
No studies |
|
|
|
|
Effect on perinatal, neonatal and infant mortality
| ||||
|
Conditional cash transfers | ||||
| |
Barham et al. [26] |
1992-2001 |
No effect on neonatal mortality |
s.e.: 0.5 |
| 17% reduction in infant mortality |
p < 0.01 |
|||
| |
Hernandez Prado et al. [25] |
1995-2002 |
2% reduction in infant mortality |
p < 0.05 |
|
Payments to offset costs of access | ||||
| |
Lim et al. [9] |
2002-2004, 2007-2009 |
2.3-2.4 fewer neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births |
CI: 0.7, 4.1 |
| 6.2 fewer neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births |
CI: -8.1, 20.4 |
|||
| |
Powell-Jackson et al. [35] |
2002-2004, 2007-2009 |
No effect on neonatal mortality |
p > 0.1 |
| |
Powell-Jackson et al. [61] |
2001-2007 |
No effect on neonatal mortality |
p > 0.05 |
|
Vouchers for maternity services | ||||
| |
Hatt et al. [8] |
2009 |
1 percentage point lower in intervention areas (stillbirths) |
p < 0.001 |
| No effect on neonatal deaths compared to control areas |
p = 0.15 |
|||
|
Effect on perinatal, neonatal and infant morbidity
| ||||
|
Conditional cash transfers | ||||
| |
Barber and Gertler [30] |
2003 |
Increased average birth weight |
p = 0.02 |
| 4.6 percentage point reduction in incidence of low birth-weight |
p = 0.05 |
|||
| |
Hernandez Prado et al. [27] |
2003 |
No effect on incidence of low birth-weight |
p > 0.1 |
|
Payments to offset costs of access | ||||
| |
No studies |
|
|
|
|
Vouchers for maternity services | ||||
| No studies | ||||
Notes. Effect is presented as odds ratio (OR), mean difference compared to controls or percentage increase from baseline. Confidence intervals (CI) are shown if they have been provided in the study, otherwise standard errors (s.e.) and p-values are shown. No quantitative studies on unconditional cash transfers were included in the systematic review. No quantitative studies on vouchers for merit goods considered impact on maternal, infant or neonatal morbidity or mortality.