UVB-induced epidermal proliferation but not apoptosis is enhanced in CD1d-knockout skin. (a–d) TUNEL and immunofluorescence of UVB-irradiated skin sections from C57BL/6 wild-type (WT; n=3) and CD1d knockout (CD1d−/−) (n=4) mice after exposure to a single UVB dose (200 mJ cm–2). (a) Apoptotic cells (green), total cells (red). (b) Quantification of (a) mean % of apoptotic cells 24–72 hours after UVR, non-irradiated (0 hours); analysis of variance, ***P<0.001 compared with non-UV conditions; nonsignificant (NS) compared with the cell type. (c) Skin sections stained for Ki67 (red), epidermal cytokeratin (green), and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). (d) Quantification of (c) mean % of Ki67+ keratinocytes in the stratum basal 24–168 hours after UVR, non-irradiated (0 hours). (e) Epidermal thickness (μm) of (c) 24–168 hours after UVR. Analysis of variance, ***P<0.001; **P<0.01; *P<0.05. Scale bar=0.05 mm. PI, propidium iodide.