Table 2.
Onset times of muscle activations between Patients with ASI and Control young subjects during elevation in the sagittal and coronal planes
| Muscles |
Sagittal plane |
Coronal plane |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Patients with ASI (time as a %) |
Control young (time as a %) |
t-test values | p-value |
Patients with ASI (time as a %) |
Control young (time as a %) |
t-test values | p-value | |
| (SD)(SE) | (SD)(SE) | (SD)(SE) | (SD)(SE) | |||||
| Teres major |
41.03 (12.63) (1.31) |
50.22 (5.13) (0.41) |
6.64 |
<0.001* |
47.64 (20.05) (2.09) |
50.04 (5.27) (0.43) |
1.12 |
|
| Supraspinatus |
−21.98# (8.90) (0.92) |
22.31 (2.29) (0.18) |
46.74 |
<0.001* |
−22.60# (6.86) (0.71) |
21.04 (2.20) (0.17) |
59.14 |
<0.001* |
| Infraspinatus |
8.00 (1.62) (0.16) |
60.29 (6.05) (0.49) |
100.12 |
<0.001* |
8.35 (1.64) (0.17) |
56.86 (5.85) (0.47) |
95.45 |
<0.001* |
| Posterior deltoid |
35.36 (11.22) (1.17) |
9.28 (0.95) (0.07) |
−22.23 |
<0.001* |
40.93 (13.25) (1.38) |
9.34 (0.92) (0.07) |
−22.83 |
<0.001* |
| Ipsilateral upper trapezius |
9.61 (6.55) (0.68) |
−2.60# (0.26) (0.02) |
−17.88 |
<0.001* |
15.80 (16.33) (1.70) |
−2.60# (0.27) (0.02) |
−10.81 |
<0.001* |
| Contralateral upper trapezius |
32.36 (10.64) (1.11) |
82.20 (7.38) (0.60) |
39.45 |
<0.001* |
41.63 (12.77) (1.33) |
81.86 (8.56) (0.69) |
25.84 |
<0.001* |
| Long head of biceps | 56.22 (14.56) (1.51) | 80.70 (8.18) (0.66) | 17.23 | <0.001* | 49.43 (11.94) (1.24) | 82.27 (9.33) (0.76) | 29.51 | <0.001* |
*Significant at p < 0.001; # -ve values indicate muscle activation before movement start (i.e. pre-setting phase).