Table 1.

Propagation speeds of different types of activity in hippocampus ∼0.1 m/s

Type of activity	Direction	Tissue preparation	Speed (m/s)	Reference
Electrical induced activation in CA3 cells in the presence of 4-AP	Longitudinally from temporal to septal side of hippocampus	Unfolded hippocampus	0.09 ± 0.03	Kibler and Durand, 2011
Synchronous firing induced by stimulating mossy fibers in the presence of picrotoxin	Longitudinal	CA3 longitudinal slices	0.14 ± 0.04	Miles et al., 1988
Multiunit activity induced by high K+ aCSF	CA3a-b to CA3c	Transverse slices	0.07 to 0.1	Liu et al., 2013
Seizure-like activity induced by low Mg2+ aCSF	Between temporal poles of 2 hippocampus	2 connected whole hippocampus	0.1 to 0.15	Quilichini et al., 2002
Nonsynaptic fast bursting induced by low Ca2+ aCSF	Subicular end of CA1 to CA3	Transverse slices	0.1	Haas and Jefferys, 1984
Naturalistic θ oscillation in hippocampus of living rodent rats	Three directions longitudinally from septal to temporal (θ = 22°, θ = 3°, θ = −17°)	In vivo hippocampus (CA1 area)	0.087, 0.087, 0.107	Lubenov and Siapas, 2009
θ oscillation induced by carbachol	Along CA3 cell layer	Transverse slices	0.119	Cappaert et al., 2009
	Along CA1 cell layer		0.141
Spontaneous response (SR) induced by 4-AP	Longitudinal direction	Unfolded hippocampus	0.12 ± 0.03	Current study (Fig. 4B)
	Transverse direction		0.10 ± 0.04
SR induced by 4-AP with chemical synapses blocked	Longitudinal direction	Unfolded hippocampus	0.12 ± 0.03	Current study (Fig. 5D)
	Transverse direction		0.08 ± 0.04
SR induced by 4-AP with gap junctions blocked	Longitudinal direction	Unfolded hippocampus	0.10 ± 0.04	Current study (Fig. 7C)
	Transverse direction		0.08 ± 0.02