Table 4.
Correlates of levels and self-perceived changes in physical activity during pregnancy, ALSPAC
| Characteristic | Strenuous PA ≥ 3 h/week (18 weeks)a | Strenuous PA ≥ 3 h/week (32 weeks)a | Perceived decrease in activity since pregnancya | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | P value for trend | Crude OR (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | P value for trend | Crude OR (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | P value for trend | |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| ≤19 | 1.5 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.1) | 2.2 (1.6, 2.9) | 1.9 (1.3, 2.6) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.5) | |||
| 20–24 | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | 2.8 (2.3, 3.3) | 2.5 (2.0. 3.0) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.5) | |||
| 25–29 | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 1.9 (1.7, 2.3) | 1.9 (1.6, 2.3) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | |||
| 30–34 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | 1.5 (1.3, 1.8) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | <0.001 |
| ≥35 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Education | |||||||||
| A or university | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.6) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 2.0 (1.6, 2.5) | 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) | |||
| O level | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.6) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | |||
| Vocational | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8. 1.1) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | |||
| None or CSE | Reference | Reference | 0.143 | Reference | Reference | 0.001 | Reference | Reference | <0.001 |
| Highest social class of the couple | |||||||||
| I | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 3.2 (2.0, 5.2) | 2.0 (1.2, 3.3) | |||
| II | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 2.4 (1.5, 3.8) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.8) | |||
| III, Non-manual | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.1) | 1.7 (1.1, 2.7) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | |||
| III, Manual | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.003 | 1.6 (0.9, 2.6) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | 0.004 |
| IV and V | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Employment at 18 weeks | |||||||||
| Not employed | 1.5 (1.3, 1.6) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | |||
| Employed | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Marital status at 8 weeks | |||||||||
| Married | 1.0 (0.9. 1.1) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.9. 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | |||
| Unmarried | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Smoking before pregnancy | |||||||||
| No | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.7, 0.8) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | |||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| General health | |||||||||
| Always well | 1.0 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | |||
| Usually well | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.2) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) | <0.001 |
| Unwell | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Pre-pregnancy BMI | |||||||||
| Underweight | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.8 (0.7, 1.0) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | |||
| Normal weight | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Overweight | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.1) | |||
| Obese | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 0.345 | 1.1 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.359 | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.092 |
| Previous live births | |||||||||
| 0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 1 | 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | |||
| ≥2 | 1.5 (1.3, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.3, 1.7) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 0.009 | 0.9 (0.8, 1.2) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.008 |
AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
aDue to additional missing values in outcome variables or covariates included in the models, the analytical sample size for strenuous physical activity at 18 and 32 weeks were 8,136. The sample size for decreased physical activity outcome was 8,097
bAdjusted for all variables listed in the table