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. 2014 Jan 13;14:5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-5

Table 4.

Underweight trends by age, province, residence, maternal education and wealth index, KDHS

 
  
 1993
 1998
 2003
 2008-09
  
  
  
  Sex n % C.I. n % C.I. n % C.I. n % C.I. Wald F P-value Trend
Total
 M/F
 3,115
 19.7
 17.9-21.6
 3,051
 17.6
 16.0-19.4
 3,148
 16.0
 14.4-17.8
 3,147
 15.0
 13.0-17.2
 11.804
 0.001
 Inline graphic
 
 M
 1,881
 21.4
 19.1-23.8
 1,580
 19.4
 17.2-21.9
 1,880
 18.7
 16.4-21.2
 1,890
 16.4
 14.1-19.1
 7.964
 0.005
 Inline graphic
 
 F
 1,234
 17.2
 14.6-20.2
 1,471
 15.6
 13.6-18.0
 1,269
 12.1
 10.0-14.5
 1,257
 12.8
 10.3-15.7
 7.237
 0.007
 Inline graphic
Age
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
0-5 months
 M
 307
 13.4
 9.6-18.4
 309
 9.3
 6.1-14.0
 381
 9.8
 6.7-13.8
 352
 5.1
 3.0-8.4
 9.369
 0.002
 Inline graphic
 
 F
 178
 7.6
 4.5-12.5
 195
 8.9
 5.4-14.4
 2,001
 4.4
 2.2-8.6
 160
 5.8
 2.6-12.5
 1.781
 0.182
  
6-11 months
 M
 379
 18.0
 14.0-22.8
 305
 16.4
 12.3-21.4
 370
 17.0
 13.3-21.6
 386
 18.2
 12.3-26.0
 0.016
 0.898
  
 
 F
 189
 14.1
 9.4-20.6
 242
 10.6
 6.9-16.2
 229
 8.4
 5.3-13.2
 187
 6.2
 3.2-11.9
 4.093
 0.043
 Inline graphic
12-23 months
 M
 674
 26.4
 22.4-30.9
 546
 22.1
 18.4-26.1
 649
 22.1
 18.0-26.9
 597
 17.9
 14.5-22.0
 8.317
 0.004
 Inline graphic
 
 F
 371
 17.6
 13.5-22.5
 504
 16.8
 13.4-20.8
 396
 15.0
 11.4-19.5
 439
 11.4
 7.5-16.8
 1.720
 0.190
  
24-35 months
 M
 520
 22.1
 18.4-26.2
 420
 25.8
 21.2-30.9
 480
 22.2
 18.0-27.2
 555
 20.9
 16.1-26.7
 0.146
 0.702
  
 
 F
 496
 21.6
 17.3-26.6
 530
 19.3
 16.0-23.2
 443
 14.9
 11.3-19.5
 470
 19.0
 15.1-23.8
 3.309
 0.069
  
Province
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Nairobi
 M
 72
 11.5
 4.9-24.9
 121
 13.6
 8.2-21.8
 114
 6.2
 3.1-12.2
 93
 9.2
 5.2-15.7
 1.198
 0.277
  
 
 F
 51
 2.7
 0.4-15.4
 72
 2.6
 0.4-14.7
 91
 4.5
 2.1-9.5
 80
 7.3
 2.7-18.4
 1.330
 0.252
  
Central
 M
 201
 16.0
 12.1-21.0
 138
 8.4
 4.6-14.7
 188
 12.3
 8.4-17.8
 131
 12.7
 5.7-25.7
 0.313
 0.576
  
 
 F
 165
 10.8
 6.5-17.2
 149
 10.8
 5.8-19.1
 154
 9.0
 5.3-15.0
 115
 10.3
 5.6-18.1
 0.077
 0.782
  
Coast
 M
 173
 29.5
 23.0-36.9
 134
 23.4
 15.1-34.5
 178
 19.9
 14.7-26.3
 178
 23.2
 17.3-30.4
 1.807
 0.181
  
 
 F
 110
 25.7
 17.5-36.2
 115
 19.4
 14.4-25.4
 102
 13.8
 8.2-22.3
 109
 20.9
 14.4-29.5
 1.015
 0.315
  
Eastern
 M
 357
 23.7
 18.2-30.4
 256
 22.2
 16.9-28.7
 326
 20.7
 15.8-26.8
 275
 16.9
 12.0-23.2
 2.548
 0.112
  
 
 F
 262
 24.3
 16.9-33.7
 270
 18.4
 14.0-23.8
 195
 11.4
 6.6-19.1
 235
 14.3
 8.6-23.1
 3.711
 0.056
  
Nyanza
 M
 308
 21.6
 17.4-26.6
 315
 22.7
 17.6-28.8
 291
 14.6
 10.1-20.8
 398
 14.0
 9.9-19.4
 6.951
 0.009
 Inline graphic
 
 F
 193
 20.9
 15.1-28.1
 302
 20.2
 14.8-27.0
 214
 9.1
 5.2-15.5
 226
 10.8
 7.0-16.3
 10.394
 0.002
 Inline graphic
Rift-Valley
 M
 432
 24.0
 18.9-30.1
 417
 19.0
 15.3-23.5
 537
 23.0
 18.0-28.9
 570
 20.2
 15.7-25.5
 0.403
 0.526
  
 
 F
 271
 12.8
 9.2-17.6
 357
 13.8
 10.1-18.4
 347
 15.1
 10.7-21.0
 331
 13.6
 8.2-21.6
 0.075
 0.784
  
Western
 M
 337
 16.4
 12.1-22.0
 197
 20.0
 13.2-29.1
 245
 21.0
 14.8-28.9
 245
 11.1
 6.4-18.5
 0.768
 0.382
  
 
 F
 181
 14.4
 9.8-20.6
 207
 14.6
 9.7-21.5
 165
 16.4
 11.3-23.2
 161
 10.4
 6.7-15.8
 0.751
 0.388
  
Residence
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Urban
 M
 215
 12.2
 8.2-17.8
 294
 12.0
 8.0-17.6
 335
 13.7
 9.2-19.9
 319
 13.0
 8.9-18.7
 0.144
 0.704
  
 
 F
 145
 8.3
 4.1-15.9
 256
 9.5
 6.5-13.5
 241
 7.4
 4.4-12.1
 254
 8.5
 4.6-15.3
 0.025
 0.874
  
Rural
 M
 1,665
 22.6
 20.1-25.2
 1,286
 21.2
 18.7-23.9
 1,544
 19.7
 17.2-22.6
 1,570
 17.1
 14.5-20.1
 8.309
 0.004
 Inline graphic
 
 F
 1,089
 18.4
 15.5-21.6
 1,215
 16.9
 14.5-19.6
 1,028
 13.2
 10.8-16.0
 1,003
 13.8
 11.1-17.1
 6.301
 0.012
 Inline graphic
Maternal Education
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
No education
 M
 331
 30.7
 25.0-37.2
 174
 31.1
 22.3-41.6
 244
 32.1
 25.1-40.0
 197
 27.4
 21.1-34.8
 0.233
 0.629
  
 
 F
 220
 27.0
 20.3-35.0
 148
 27.0
 19.5-36.0
 168
 19.2
 13.5-26.7
 115
 22.2
 13.9-33.4
 1.540
 0.215
  
Incomplete primary
 M
 743
 26.1
 22.7-29.8
 596
 25.8
 21.9-30.2
 704
 21.5
 18.0-25.4
 681
 19.4
 15.5-23.9
 7.439
 0.006
 Inline graphic
 
 F
 494
 18.6
 15.1-22.8
 569
 17.9
 14.2-22.4
 476
 13.4
 10.1-17.5
 419
 15.3
 11.5-20.2
 2.466
 0.117
  
Complete primary
 M
 383
 16.8
 13.1-21.3
 395
 13.8
 10.7-17.7
 538
 15.1
 11.8-19.2
 590
 15.5
 11.4-20.6
 0.034
 0.854
  
 
 F
 231
 11.8
 7.9-17.4
 384
 16.1
 12.6-20.4
 348
 12.8
 8.8-18.3
 376
 14.2
 9.8-20.1
 0.023
 0.880
  
Incomplete secondary
 M
 383
 10.3
 7.3-14.3
 152
 11.0
 6.5-17.9
 167
 13.0
 7.6-21.4
 164
 11.0
 6.4-18.3
 0.239
 0.625
  
 
 F
 243
 11.4
 7.5-16.9
 139
 9.4
 5.3-15.9
 102
 4.1
 1.3-12.4
 115
 7.1
 3.7-13.3
 2.837
 0.093
  
Secondary +
 M
 42
 8.6
 2.4-26.4
 263
 10.5
 6.4-16.7
 227
 8.1
 4.9-13.1
 258
 6.0
 3.6-9.8
 2.163
 0.142
  
 
 F
 46
 12.8
 5.2-28.2
 232
 5.6
 3.3-9.5
 175
 5.0
 2.5-9.6
 232
 3.9
 1.8-8.1
 2.529
 0.112
  
Wealth Index
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Poorest
 M
 419
 31.7
 26.3-37.5
 398
 30.9
 25.6-36.7
 457
 24.1
 19.3-29.6
 463
 24.2
 19.3-29.8
 5.402
 0.020
 Inline graphic
 
 F
 290
 22.6
 17.4-28.7
 353
 22.0
 17.6-27.1
 277
 18.4
 13.2-25.1
 271
 16.9
 12.4-22.6
 2.718
 0.100
  
Poorer
 M
 415
 25.4
 20.9-30.6
 317
 21.6
 17.5-26.3
 398
 20.7
 15.8-26.6
 424
 19.7
 14.6-26.0
 2.204
 0.138
  
 
 F
 248
 20.3
 15.2-26.5
 317
 17.6
 12.8-23.7
 282
 12.4
 8.5-17.9
 251
 15.9
 10.5-23.3
 1.788
 0.182
  
Middle
 M
 396
 17.5
 13.9-21.7
 308
 14.3
 10.3-19.5
 359
 16.9
 12.8-22.0
 358
 10.9
 7.3-15.9
 3.208
 0.074
  
 
 F
 237
 17.6
 12.7-23.9
 271
 16.0
 11.8-21.5
 243
 14.5
 10.4-19.8
 246
 17.9
 11.9-26.0
 0.001
 0.980
  
Richer
 M
 367
 19.3
 15.2-24.2
 289
 17.4
 12.8-23.2
 329
 18.1
 13.9-23.2
 318
 13.4
 8.2-21.0
 1.808
 0.179
  
 
 F
 241
 15.2
 10.5-21.5
 263
 11.9
 7.9-17.6
 223
 7.8
 4.3-13.6
 248
 7.6
 3.8-14.7
 4.264
 0.039
 Inline graphic
Richest
 M
 285
 8.6
 5.6-12.9
 268
 8.1
 5.2-12.3
 337
 11.3
 7.2-17.3
 326
 10.4
 6.0-17.4
 0.691
 0.406
  
  F 219 8.4 5.0-13.8 269 8.2 5.4-12.3 244 6.1 3.4-10.8 241 4.9 2.6-9.2 2.238 0.135  

C.I, 95% confidence intervals; Secondary +, complete secondary and higher education; Inline graphic, significant decreasing trend.