Table 1.
Recommended health outcomes and risk functions used to calculate EBD
| Outcomes and exposure metrics | Relative risk functiona | Suggested β coefficient (95% CI) | Sub-group |
|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality and short-term exposure to PM10b |
RR = exp[β(X–X0)] |
0.0008 (0.0006, 0.0010)c |
All ages |
| Respiratory mortality and short-term exposure to PM10 (all-cause mortality for upper bound where applicable) |
RR = exp[β(X–X0)] |
0.00166 (0.00034, 0.0030) |
Age <5 yrs |
| Cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 (log - linear exposure)* |
RR = [(X + 1)/ (X0 + 1)]β |
0.15515 (0.0562, 0.2541) |
Age >30 yrs |
| Cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 (linear exposure) |
RR = exp[β(X–X0)] |
0.00893 (0.00322, 0.01464) |
Age >30 yrs |
| Lung cancer mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 (log- linear exposure)* |
RR = [(X + 1)/(X0 + 1)]β |
0.23218 (0.08563, 0.37873) |
Age >30 yrs |
| Lung cancer mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 (linear exposure) | RR = exp[β(X–X0)] | 0.01267 (0.00432, 0.02102) | Age >30 yrs |
aX = Current pollutant concentration (μg/m3) and Xo = target or threshold concentration of pollutant (μg/m3).bNot used in DALY calculations and should not be added to the other mortality estimates. cPresentation of a range rather than a point estimate is preferred. *Recommended relationships assuming background concentration for PM10 = 10 μg/m3 and for PM2.5 = 3 μg/m3.