Table 4.
The Environmental disease burden and risk functions of particulate matters in five cities of India
| Outcomes and exposure metrics* | Sub-group |
Risk function of particulate matter in some Indian cities (CI of 95%) and disease burden (AF) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Jodhpur |
Jaipur |
Kota |
Udaipur |
Delhi |
|||||||
| RR (CI) | AF (IF) | RR (CI) | AF (IF) | RR (CI) | AF (IF) | RR (CI) | AF (IF) | RR (CI) | AF (IF) | ||
| All-cause mortality and short-term exposure to PM10 (linear exposure) |
All ages |
1.29 (1.21-1.37) |
0.22 |
1.19 (1.14-1.24) |
0.16 |
1.22 (1.16-1.28) |
0.18 |
1.24 (1.17-1.01) |
0.19 |
1.40 (1.29-1.53) |
0.29 |
| Respiratory mortality and short-term exposure to PM10 (all-cause mortality for upper bound where applicable) (linear exposure) |
Age <5 years |
1.69 (1.11-2.57) |
0.41 |
1.43 (1.08-1.92) |
0.30 |
1.50 (1.09-2.07) |
0.33 |
1.56 (1.10-2.23) |
0.36 |
2.02 (1.15-1.27) |
0.50 |
| Cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 or (log- linear exposure) |
Age >30 years |
1.67 (1.20-2.32) |
0.40 |
1.64 (1.20-2.24) |
0.39 |
1.64 (1.20-2.25) |
0.39 |
1.63 (1.20-2.24) |
0.39 |
1.79 (1.24-2.60) |
0.44 |
| Cardiopulmonary mortality and long-term exposure to PM2.5 (linear exposure) |
Age >30 years |
2.56 (1.40-4.65) |
0.61 |
2.25 (1.34-3.79) |
0.56 |
2.30 (1.35-3.90) |
0.56 |
2.25 (1.34-3.79) |
0.56 |
4.48 (1.72-11.70) |
0.78 |
| Lung cancer and long-term exposure to PM2.5 or (log linear exposure) |
Age >30 years |
2.15 (1.33-3.50) |
0.54 |
2.09 (1.31-3.32) |
0.52 |
2.10 (1.31-3.35) |
0.52 |
2.09 (1.31-3.32) |
0.52 |
2.39 (1.38-4.16) |
0.58 |
| Lung cancer and long-term exposure to PM2.5 (linear exposure) | Age >30 years | 3.78 (1.57-9.09) | 0.74 | 3.17 (1.48-6.77) | 0.68 | 3.25 (1.50-7.06) | 0.69 | 3.17 (1.48-6.77) | 0.68 | 8.40 (2.07-34.17) | 0.88 |
*Recommended relationships assuming background concentration for PM10= 10 μg/m3 and for PM2.5= 3 μg/m3 in current perspectives.