Table 2.
Labor and birth
|
Births observed |
Queensland perinatal data (2005) |
|
|---|---|---|
| n (%) | (%) | |
|
Onset of labor |
|
|
| Spontaneous |
43 (55.1) |
(57.2) |
| Induced |
25 (32.1) |
(23.4) |
| No labour (c/s) |
10 (12.8) |
(19.5) |
|
Adverse birth event |
|
|
| Prolonged 2nd stage &/or failure to progress |
9 (11.5) |
(12.4) |
| Foetal distress &/or meconium liquor |
12 (15.4) |
(20.2) |
| Labour <4 hours (precipitate birth) |
10 (14.7) |
(23.5) |
|
Method of Analgesia during labor
a
|
|
|
| At least one method |
55 (70.5) |
(63.6) |
| Nitrous oxide |
52 (66.7) |
(62.4) |
| Pethidine (narcotic IM/IV)b |
22 (28.2) |
(35.3) |
| Epidural |
24 (30.8) |
(33.9) |
| Spinal anaesthesia/other |
11 (14.1) |
(10.1) |
|
Vaginal birth |
|
|
| Spontaneous vertex |
52 (66.7) |
(59.5) |
| Forceps/vacuum extraction |
9 (11.5) |
(7.9) |
|
Caesarean section |
|
|
| Elective caesarean section |
10 (12.8) |
(19.5) |
| Emergency caesarean section |
7 (9) |
(13) |
|
Episiotomy |
11 (14.1) |
(13.5) |
| Baby Apgar score @ 1 minute |
|
|
| Score of 6 – 7c |
8 (6.5) |
(14.8) |
| Score of 8 - 10 |
70 (89.7) |
(83.2) |
|
Baby Apgar score @ 5 minutes |
|
|
| Score of 8 - 10 |
78 (100) |
(97.4) |
|
Birth weight by gestation |
|
|
| 2000 - 2449 grams |
|
|
| 36 weeks gestation (32–36)d |
1 (1.3) |
(1.8) |
| 37–41 weeks gestation |
4 (5.1) |
(1.5) |
| 2500 grams - 3999 |
|
|
| 37–41 weeks gestation |
58 (74.4) |
(78.3) |
| 4000 grams plus |
|
|
| 37 plus weeks gestation |
15 (19.2) |
(15.8) |
|
Sex |
|
|
| Male |
40 (51.3) |
(51.5) |
| Female | 38 (48.7) | (48.5) |
aMultiple methods of analgesia/anaesthesia included.
bIntramuscular (IM) or Intravenous (IV).
cPerinatal Data range is 4–6 for State of Queensland.
dPerinatal Data range is 32–36 weeks gestation for State of Queensland.