Table 3.

OLS regressions predicting perceptions of autonomy in logistic-based decisions (N=16,519)

	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3				Model 4
	Solo/2 physician		Large practices		Solo/2 physician		Large practices		Solo/2 physician		Large practices		Solo/2 physician		Large practices

Exposure type
Never in practice type (ref)
Stayed in practice type	0.304	***	−0.265	***	0.314	***	−0.258	***	0.286	***	−0.227	***	0.252	***	−0.180	***
Exited practice type	0.096		−0.003		0.091		0.053		0.075		0.062		0.085		0.077
Entered practice type	0.317	***	−0.251	**	0.352	***	−0.267	***	0.332	***	−0.243	**	0.309	***	−0.199	*
Perceived autonomy in T1	0.426	***	0.380	***	0.391	***	0.382	***	0.377	***	0.381	***	0.379	***	0.383	***
Physician characteristics
Male					0.090	+	0.077	+	0.084	+	0.071		0.083	+	0.075
Years practicing					0.014	***	0.015	***	0.014	***	0.015	***	0.013	***	0.014	***
PCP					−0.202	***	−0.195	***	−0.178	***	−0.173	***	−0.197	***	−0.193	***
Career satisfaction					0.254	***	0.244	***	0.251	***	0.242	***	0.256	***	0.248	***
log(income)					−0.072	*	−0.088	**	−0.073	*	−0.087	**	−0.077	**	−0.089	**
Hours in patient care					−0.005	***	−0.006	***	−0.005	***	−0.006	***	−0.006	***	−0.006	***
Other practice characteristics
% revenue Medicare					−0.001		−0.001		−0.001		−0.001		−0.001		−0.001
% revenue Medicaid					0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.001		0.001
Urbanicity
Urban (ref)					.		.		.		.		.		.
Sub-urban					0.092		0.065		0.056		0.029		0.075		0.053
Rural					0.133	*	0.140	**	0.094	+	0.099	+	0.129	*	0.137	*
Relation to 3rd party payers
% revenue managed care									−0.002	*	−0.002	*
# managed care contracts									−0.002	*	−0.003	**
% revenue prepaid plans									−0.002	*	−0.002	+
Physician payment structure
Owner													0.052		0.020
Salaried													−0.084	*	−0.137	***
Constant	1.848	***	2.068	***	1.329	***	1.683	***	1.511	***	1.840	***	1.393	***	1.704	***

R²	0.216		0.214		0.262		0.259		0.265		0.262		0.263		0.261

Note: + p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, two-tailed