Table 4.

OLS regressions predicting perceptions of autonomy in knowledge-based decisions (N=16,519)

	Model 1				Model 2				Model 3				Model 4
	Solo/2 physician		Large practices		Solo/2 physician		Large practices		Solo/2 physician		Large practices		Solo/2 physician		Large practices
Exposure type
Never in practice type (ref)
Stayed in practice type	−0.197	***	0.173	***	−0.151	***	0.161	***	−0.162	***	0.166	***	−0.140	***	0.149	***
Exited practice type	−0.100		0.094	+	−0.122	+	0.070		−0.127	*	0.075		−0.120	+	0.066
Entered practice type	−0.088		0.106	+	−0.091		0.060		−0.094	+	0.072		−0.084		0.051
Perceived autonomy in T1	0.404	***	0.404	***	0.355	***	0.353	***	0.350	***	0.349	***	0.354	***	0.353	***
Physician characteristics
Male					0.014		0.020		0.016		0.021		0.018		0.021
Years practicing					0.003	+	0.003	+	0.003	+	0.002		0.003	*	0.003	+
PCP					−0.021		−0.026		−0.022		−0.027		−0.024		−0.027
Career satisfaction					0.272	***	0.275	***	0.270	***	0.274	***	0.272	***	0.275	***
log(income)					−0.042	*	−0.035	+	−0.037	*	−0.030	+	−0.040	*	−0.034	+
Hours spent in patient care					−0.003	***	−0.003	***	−0.003	***	−0.003	**	−0.003	***	−0.003	**
Other practice characteristics
% revenue Medicare					0.001		0.001		0.000		0.000		0.001		0.001
% revenue Medicaid					0.000		0.000		0.000		−0.001		0.000		0.000
Urbanicity
Urban (ref)					.		.		.		.		.		.
Sub-urban					0.151	*	0.162	**	0.120	*	0.132	*	0.154	*	0.163	**
Rural					0.070		0.073	+	0.043		0.046		0.072	+	0.073	+
Relation to 3rd party payers
% revenue managed care									−0.002	***	−0.002	**
# managed care contracts									−0.003	***	−0.003	**
% revenue prepaid plans									0.001	+	0.001
Physician payment structure
Owner													−0.065	+	−0.028
Salaried													−0.030		−0.010
Constant	2.482	***	2.333	***	1.712	***	1.536	***	1.848	***	1.657	***	1.743	***	1.555	***
R2	0.190		0.189		0.236		0.235		0.239		0.238		0.236		0.235

Note: + p<0.1, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001, two-tailed