Table 1.

Participant characteristics by parental depression group.

	No maternal depression (n = 310)	Maternal history of depression (n = 148)
Mean child age (months)	43.77 (SD = 3.34)	44.05 (SD = 3.69)
Sex (% female)	44.5%	52.0%
Race (% Caucasian)	85.5%	87.8%
Child PPVT	102.82 (SD = 13.68)	104.03 (SD = 12.31)
Child CBCL Internalizing Symptoms	8.59 (SD = 5.78)*	10.23 (SD = 7.05)*
Child CBCL Externalizing Symptoms	12.44 (SD = 7.27)	13.39 (SD = 7.43)
Mother obtained college degree (%)	55.7%	60.3%
Maternal lifetime history of anxiety disorder	24.5%***	52.7%***
Maternal lifetime history of substance use disorder	18.7%**	31.8%**
	No paternal depression (n = 384)	Paternal history of depression (n = 74)
Mean child age (months)	43.95 (SD = 3.40)	43.41 (SD = 3.73)
Sex (% female)	45.3%	55.4%
Race (% Caucasian)	86.5%	85.1%
Child PPVT	103.90 (SD = 13.13)*	99.65 (SD = 13.38)*
Child CBCL Internalizing Symptoms	8.92 (SD = 5.92)	10.15 (SD = 7.72)
Child CBCL Externalizing Symptoms	12.54 (SD = 7.28)	13.79 (SD = 7.54)
Father obtained college degree (%)	49.3%	41.7%
Paternal lifetime history of anxiety disorder	14.6%***	48.6%***
Parental lifetime history of substance use disorder	35.9%*	48.6%*

^***p < .001;

^**p < .01;

^*p < .05