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The rodent estrous cycle. In the mouse, ovulation occurs every 4–5 days. Metestrus and diestrus are characterized by low but slowly increasing levels of estradiol. On the late afternoon of proestrus, elevated estradiol levels induce a bolus of GnRH release from the hypothalamus, which induces the proestrus LH and FSH surge at approximately the start of the active (dark) period. Ovulation occurs 12–14 h later.
