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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biomed Spectrosc Imaging. 2013 Aug 26;2(3):155–181. doi: 10.3233/BSI-130045

A: Formation of a GPCR-containing lipid bilayer on a sensor chip by providing the GPCR in detergent micelles to a pre-formed supported PC bilayer [58]. B: Formation of a GPCR-containing lipid bilayer on a sensor chip by providing the GPCR in PC/detergent mixed micelles to a patterned organic monolayer consisting of alternating regions of carboxyl-exposed thiols (CTA) and hydrocarbon-exposed thiolipids [25]. C: Capture of GPCR-containing membrane vesicles onto a phospholipid/thiohexa (ethylene oxide) octadecane (THEO-C18) mixed monolayer on a gold surface [53]. D: Capture of GPCR-containing membrane vesicles onto a L1 sensor chip [41, 74, 76]. E: Immobilization of a GPCR in detergent micelles by amine coupling on a L1 chip followed by injection of lipid/detergent mixed micelles and formation of a lipid bilayer [31]. F and G: Capture of GPCR-containing membrane vesicles via tags or epitopes. Capture methods take advantage of the following interactions: Rho-tag/1D4 antibody [41, 65], c-Myc/antibody [8, 75], HA-tag or GPCR internal epitope/antibody [64] his-tag/NiNTA [15]. H: Capture of a GPCR delivered in detergent-solubilized membranes onto a functionalized surface. Examples include the use of a GPCR biotinylated at N-terminal carbohydrates and a patterned monolayer consisting of ω-hydroy-undecanethiol (HTA) and biotinylatedthiols to which streptavidin was attached [9] or a non-labeled GPCR attached via carbohydrates to an immobilized lectin [13]. I: Capture of a GPCR in detergent micelles via a C-terminal tag on an antibody-coated L1 chip followed by injection of lipid/detergent mixed micelles and formation of a lipid bilayer [67]. J and K: Capture of a GPCR in detergent micelles onto a functionalized surface. Capture methods were based on the following interactions: N-terminal cahrbohydrates of the GPCR/Concanavalin A [32, 33], N- and C-terminal GPCR epitopes/antibody [32], GPCR internal epitope or HA-tag/antibody [64], biotinylated N-terminal carbohydrates of the GPCR/streptavidin or FLAG-tag/antibody [49], Rho-tag/1D4 antibody [16, 32, 38, 44, 45, 47, 48, 55, 67], His-tag/anti polyhistidine antibody [30], or His-tag/NiNTA [15, 72, 83]. L: Capture of a GPCR in detergent micelles via C-terminal His-tag onto a NTA chip followed by amine coupling [54]. M: Capture of GPCR-containing nanodiscs via a C-terminal Rho-tag on the GPCR onto an antibody-coated surface [81].

A: Formation of a GPCR-containing lipid bilayer on a sensor chip by providing the GPCR in detergent micelles to a pre-formed supported PC bilayer [58]. B: Formation of a GPCR-containing lipid bilayer on a sensor chip by providing the GPCR in PC/detergent mixed micelles to a patterned organic monolayer consisting of alternating regions of carboxyl-exposed thiols (CTA) and hydrocarbon-exposed thiolipids [25]. C: Capture of GPCR-containing membrane vesicles onto a phospholipid/thiohexa (ethylene oxide) octadecane (THEO-C18) mixed monolayer on a gold surface [53]. D: Capture of GPCR-containing membrane vesicles onto a L1 sensor chip [41, 74, 76]. E: Immobilization of a GPCR in detergent micelles by amine coupling on a L1 chip followed by injection of lipid/detergent mixed micelles and formation of a lipid bilayer [31]. F and G: Capture of GPCR-containing membrane vesicles via tags or epitopes. Capture methods take advantage of the following interactions: Rho-tag/1D4 antibody [41, 65], c-Myc/antibody [8, 75], HA-tag or GPCR internal epitope/antibody [64] his-tag/NiNTA [15]. H: Capture of a GPCR delivered in detergent-solubilized membranes onto a functionalized surface. Examples include the use of a GPCR biotinylated at N-terminal carbohydrates and a patterned monolayer consisting of ω-hydroy-undecanethiol (HTA) and biotinylatedthiols to which streptavidin was attached [9] or a non-labeled GPCR attached via carbohydrates to an immobilized lectin [13]. I: Capture of a GPCR in detergent micelles via a C-terminal tag on an antibody-coated L1 chip followed by injection of lipid/detergent mixed micelles and formation of a lipid bilayer [67]. J and K: Capture of a GPCR in detergent micelles onto a functionalized surface. Capture methods were based on the following interactions: N-terminal cahrbohydrates of the GPCR/Concanavalin A [32, 33], N- and C-terminal GPCR epitopes/antibody [32], GPCR internal epitope or HA-tag/antibody [64], biotinylated N-terminal carbohydrates of the GPCR/streptavidin or FLAG-tag/antibody [49], Rho-tag/1D4 antibody [16, 32, 38, 44, 45, 47, 48, 55, 67], His-tag/anti polyhistidine antibody [30], or His-tag/NiNTA [15, 72, 83]. L: Capture of a GPCR in detergent micelles via C-terminal His-tag onto a NTA chip followed by amine coupling [54]. M: Capture of GPCR-containing nanodiscs via a C-terminal Rho-tag on the GPCR onto an antibody-coated surface [81].